What was the main factor contributing to population growth?
Immigration
100
How did the cotton gin strengthen and weaken sectional ties?
Strengthen = both benefit from cotton industry; Weaken = increased slavery
100
How did the Erie Canal impact the economy?
It was faster than road travel; it connected Atlantic Ocean to the Great Lakes; goods transported easier and more efficiently.
100
What is deism?
Spiritual belief in one God, but religion is cemented in reason/science --> God's not too involved now
100
What is transcendentalism?
Idea that knowledge is beyond the senses and that you must work on your inner soul through self improvement and connecting to nature
200
Why were Irish immigrants attracted to voting for the Democratic political machines?
They would be provided with free food, coal, and support in exchange for their vote.
200
Why were workers not originally able to fight for better working conditions?
Unions were illegal
200
How did the steam train make a social change to society?
Connected people from East to West; easier communication; experiences, etc.
200
What were the reasons for establishing free public education?
Protect the morality of America from the poor and immigrants
200
What was Dorothea Dix best know for and how did she convince others to join her cause?
Prison and mental health reform --> visited prisons/institutions and spoke about terrible conditions
300
Why did many German immigrants come to America in the 1840s?
Political freedom after failed revolution
300
How did innovation change agriculture?
Made agriculture quicker/more efficient and made transportation of those goods quicker/more efficient
300
Explain how unfair business practices impacted the North.
1) Monopolies, 2) Inventions and patents
300
How did the Second Great Awakening impact the Temperance movement?
Each person has value/connection to God and is inherently good --> must protect men from the evils of alcohol and protect their goodness
300
How did the hatred of the suffrage movement further gender roles for both men and women?
Women = anyone who supported suffrage movement was ugly/old/bitter/alone; Men = women's suffrage will come at the loss of your own rights and make you into "the woman"
400
What were three reasons for the Nativist movement in the United States?
1) Fear of being outnumbered, 2) Fear of being outvoted, 3) Hatred of Catholics
400
What was the cult of domesticity and how did it impact women in each class differently?
Mainly aimed at middle to upper class women who could afford to stay home; lower class women had to work full time plus expectations of women at home.
400
How did the idea of social mobility get pushed forward?
1) American letters, 2)Public education
400
What was the connection between transcendentalism and the creation of Utopian societies?
Group of intellectuals looking to establish what they thought society should look like
400
How was American literature growing during the 19th century? What were the key themes?
Growing into a uniquely American feature --> not just copy of European styles; most was about goodness of people (except Poe)