Westward Movement
Law passed in 1862 that offered free public land to settlers who farmed it.
What is the Homestead Act
The 1876 battle that resulted in a Native American victory and led to increased U.S. military response.
What is the Battle of Little Bighorn?
The New York island where many European immigrants entered the United States.
What is Ellis Island?
Process that made steel production cheaper and stronger in the late 19th century.
What is the Bessemer process?
Union leader associated with the American Federation of Labor (AFL).
Who is Samuel Gompers?
This technology tied western resources to eastern markets and made long cattle drives less necessary.
What are RailRoads
The 1890 massacre that occurred during efforts to suppress the Ghost Dance movement.
What is Wounded Knee?
Term describing anti‑immigrant prejudice and policies (example: Chinese Exclusion Act).
What is Nativism?
Inventor who perfected the light bulb and developed electric distribution systems.
Who is Thomas Edison?
1911 disaster that led to major workplace safety reforms.
Triangle shirtwaist factory fire
The era immediately before and after the Civil War marked by long cattle drives and open range ranching.
What is the Era of the American Cowboy
Famous Nez Perce leader who said, “From where the sun now stands I will fight no more forever.”
Correct response
Who is Chief Joseph?
Term for immigrants who arrived mainly from Southern and Eastern Europe and Asia after the 1870s.
Who are the “new” immigrants?
Manufacturing method introduced by Henry Ford that lowered costs through mass production.
What is the assembly line?
1894 nationwide strike led by railroad workers that resulted in federal intervention.
What is the Pullman Strike?
This farming invention increased productivity on the Plains and helped make farming profitable.
What is the mechanical reaper? (accept: farm machinery / mechanized farming
The spiritual movement that inspired Lakota ceremonies and led to Army intervention at Wounded Knee
The Ghost Dance
This 1898 Supreme Court case affirmed birthright citizenship for anyone born in the U.S.
What is US v. Wong Kim Ark?
Two major effects of industrial corporations (one economic, one social)
What are (economic) increased production/monopolies and (social) income disparity/urbanization? (accept equivalents)
Name one demand commonly pushed by labor unions in this era.
What is higher wages? (also accept: shorter hours or safer conditions)
Two consequences of rapid western settlement for the Great Plains (one social, one environmental).
What are (examples) displacement/violence against Native Americans and environmental change/overgrazing or altered ecosystems?
Explain one immediate effect of Little Bighorn on U.S. policy toward Plains tribes.
What is increased military campaigns and efforts to subdue and remove tribes to reservations? (accept equivalent)
Give one reason political machines both helped and hurt immigrant communities.
What is (helped) they provided services and jobs in exchange for votes; (hurt) they increased corruption and dependency / provoked public resentment? (accept either half or combined)
Explain how government support helped railroad expansion (one policy/example).
What are land grants and subsidies to railroad companies that provided land and capital to build tracks? (accept equivalents)
Explain how the Haymarket Riot affected public support for labor (short answer).