Studying and Building Memories
Memory Storage and Retrieval
Forgetting, Memory Construction, and Memory Improvement
Thinking, Concepts, and Creativity/Problem Solving
Thinking and Language
100
Which type of memory has an essentially unlimited capacity? a. echoic memory b. short-term memory c. long-term memory d. iconic memory e. proactive memory
What is C
100
Conscious memory of factual information is called ________ memory. a. proactive b. procedural c. explicit d. implicit e. iconic
What is C
100
The disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information is called a. state-dependent memory. b. retroactive interference. c. the serial position effect. d. the spacing effect. e. proactive interference.
What is E
100
Which term refers to all the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating? a. schema b. heuristic c. cognition d. syntax e. language
What is C
100
Spoken, written, or signed words and the ways they are combined to communicate meaning constitute a. algorithms. b. syntax. c. heuristics. d. language. e. phonemes.
What is D
200
Memory is best defined as a. the conscious encoding of information. b. stored knowledge that has been semantically encoded. c. the persistence of learning through the storage and retrieval of information. d. the retrieval of stored information in precisely the same form in which it was encoded. e. recalling and retrieving information stored in the cerebral cortex.
What is C
200
retention of skills and dispositions without conscious recollection is known as ________ memory. a. state-dependent b. flashbulb c. short-term d. sensory e. implicit
What is E
200
Which of the following poses the greatest threat to the credibility of children's recollections of sexual abuse? a. the serial position effect b. the spacing effect c. the misinformation effect d. long-term potentiation e. proactive interference
What is C
200
The inability to take a new perspective on a problem is called a. confirmation bias. b. a fixation. c. a heuristic. d. the framing effect. e. a prototype.
What is B
200
The smallest distinctive sound unit of language is a a. prototype. b. phenotype. c. morpheme. d. phoneme. e. babble.
What is D
300
Automatic processing and effortful processing involve two types of a. encoding. b. retrieval. c. interference. d. storage. e. repression.
What is A
300
Most Americans still have accurate flashbulb memories of the 9/11 terrorist attacks in 2001. This best illustrates that memory formation is facilitated by a. retrieval cues. b. the serial position effect. c. source amnesia. d. the body's release of stress hormones. e. long-term potentiation.
What is D
300
Mrs. Ramos claims to remember being sexually abused by her father when she was less than a year old. Memory experts are most likely to doubt the reliability of her memory due to their awareness of a. implicit memory. b. the self-reference effect. c. long-term potentiation. d. infantile amnesia. e. the spacing effect.
What is D
300
Eva had difficulty recognizing that a sea horse was a fish because it did not closely resemble her fish a. hierarchy. b. heuristic. c. algorithm. d. prototype. e. fixation.
What is D
300
In the words “helped” and “called,” the “ed” ending is a(n) a. prototype. b. morpheme. c. heuristic. d. algorithm. e. syntax.
What is B
400
For a fraction of a second after the lightning flash disappeared, Ileana retained a vivid mental image of its ragged edges. Her experience most clearly illustrates the nature of _______ memory. a. iconic b. flashbulb c. recall d. explicit e. implicit
What is A
400
An eyewitness to a grocery store robbery is asked to identify the suspects in a police lineup. Which test of memory is being utilized? a. recall b. relearning c. recognition d. misinformation e. reconstruction
What is C
400
People should avoid back-to-back study times for learning Spanish and French vocabulary in order to minimize a. the self-reference effect. b. long-term potentiation. c. mood-congruent memory. d. interference. e. echoic memory.
What is D
400
By encouraging people to imagine their homes being destroyed by a fire, insurance salespeople are especially successful at selling large homeowners' policies. They are most clearly exploiting the influence of a. belief perseverance. b. the representativeness heuristic. c. overconfidence. d. the availability heuristic. e. fixation.
What is D
400
Babies' first demonstration of productive language occurs a. prior to the babbling stage. b. during the babbling stage. c. during the one-word stage. d. during the two-word stage. e. after the two-word stage.
What is C
500
One reason adults typically recall little of their first three years of life is that during infancy they were unable to verbally label most of their experiences. This best illustrates that the formation of long-term memories often requires a. automatic processing. b. implicit memory. c. shallow processing. d. source amnesia. e. semantic encoding.
What is E
500
Reading a romantic novel caused Consuela to recall some old experiences with a junior high school boyfriend. The effect of the novel on Consuela's memory retrieval is an illustration of a. priming. b. chunking. c. source amnesia. d. automatic processing. e. the spacing effect.
What is A
500
Stereotypes can often influence the form in which information is retrieved from long-term memory. This fact is most relevant to appreciating the importance of a. long-term potentiation. b. automatic processing. c. memory construction. d. the spacing effect. e. explicit memory
What is C
500
On Monday, the meteorologist forecast a 20 percent chance of rain, so Sheryl took her umbrella to work. On Friday, he reported an 80 percent chance that it would not rain, so Sheryl left her umbrella at home. Sheryl's behavior illustrates the impact of a. confirmation bias. b. the belief perseverance phenomenon. c. overconfidence. d. the representativeness heuristic. e. the framing effect.
What is E
500
Three-year old Lucy said, “Mommy goed to the store.” Lucy's mistake best demonstrates that a. telegraphic speech may not necessarily be grammatically correct. b. children learn language through trial and error. c. learning theory does not adequately explain language acquisition. d. linguistic determinism impacts how language is acquired. e. young children think primarily in images.
What is C
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