The Cold War Begins
These two countries emerged as global superpowers after World War II.
What are the United States and the Soviet Union?
This Indian leader used nonviolent resistance to help achieve independence from Britain.
Who is Mohandas Gandhi?
This movement included countries that refused to align with either the U.S. or USSR during the Cold War.
What is the Non-Aligned Movement?
This economic system is based on private ownership and competition in a free market.
What is capitalism?
This was the first artificial satellite, launched by the Soviet Union in 1957.
What is Sputnik?
This policy aimed to stop the spread of communism through military and economic means.
What is containment?
He led Vietnam’s independence movement against France and later the U.S.
Who is Ho Chi Minh?
The Non-Aligned Movement held its first formal meeting in this decade.
What are the 1960s? (1961)
In this economic system, the state controls the means of production and aims for class equality.
What is communism?
This U.S. agency was created in response to the Soviet space program.
What is NASA?
This 1949 military alliance of Western nations was created to counter Soviet power.
What is NATO?
This South African leader became a global symbol of resistance to apartheid.
Who is Nelson Mandela?
The Non-Aligned Movement aimed to promote this goal among developing nations.
What is independence from superpower influence (or sovereignty)?
This Soviet leader promoted communist ideology globally during the Cold War.
Who is Joseph Stalin?
This term describes the competition between the U.S. and USSR to build more powerful weapons.
What is the arms race?
In response to NATO, the USSR formed this military alliance in 1955.
What is the Warsaw Pact?
This U.S. movement challenged racial segregation and inequality in the 1950s and 1960s.
What is the Civil Rights Movement?
This Caribbean leader was a vocal critic of U.S. imperialism and aligned with socialist ideas, though his country was not officially part of the Non-Aligned Movement.
Who is Fidel Castro?
This U.S. initiative provided economic aid to rebuild Europe and prevent the spread of communism.
What is the Marshall Plan?
This strategy ensured that neither the U.S. nor USSR would use nuclear weapons, fearing that they would both be destroyed.
What is MAD (Mutually Assured Destruction)?
This symbolic barrier represented the divide between communist Eastern Europe and capitalist Western Europe.
What is the Iron Curtain?
This violent war (1954–1962) led to the independence of this North African nation from France.
What is the Algerian War (or What is Algeria?)
This principle of the Non-Aligned Movement emphasized not joining military alliances like NATO or the Warsaw Pact.
What is neutrality?
This term describes the fear that if one country falls to communism, its neighbors will too.
What is the Domino Theory?
This 1962 crisis nearly brought the world to nuclear war over missiles in the Western Hemisphere.
What is the Cuban Missile Crisis?