Pollutants
This pollution comes from many different places at once, Ex. Urban Runoff
What is Nonpoint Source Pollution
Municipal Solid Waste (MSW)
Biomagnification or Bioaccumulation:
The buildup of compounds (like POPs) in cells and fatty tissues of organisms.
Bioaccumulation
What is synergism?
The interaction of 2+ substances that can make a greater effect than individually
Major difference between a pathogen and a vector?
Pathogens cause the disease, vectors transmit them
Chemicals that interfere with the hormonal system?
Ex. Lead, Arsenic, Mercury, DDT, Meds.
Endocrine Disruptors
Organize by most sustainable (least to most):
Reuse, Recycle, Reduce
Recycle, Reuse, Reduce
_______ causes Eutrophication, which causes _______
Why is ozone bad outside of the stratosphere for humans?
Respiratory irritant
One of the reasons why developing countries have higher infectious disease rates?
Unmanaged waste disposal systems, lack of water treatment, less access to healthcare, or tropical climates (mosquitos)
This stable internal condition in living organisms that get's disrupted by environmental toxins.
Homeostasis
One way to prevent leachate in landfills?
Clay or plastic liners, or leachate collection system
What supporting services do wetlands provide?
H20 filtration, habitats, pest control, nutrient cycling.
Why can't pregnant women eat fish?
Methylmercury (teratogen).
Which ones can you get from a vector?
Plague, TB, Malaria, West Nile, Zika Virus, SARS, MERS, Cholera
Mercury, when it affects fetal development in the womb, can be classified as a ______ and a neurotoxin.
Teratogen
What type of waste must be disposed of separately, and is often sent to developing nations?
E-waste
Thermal pollution often occurs near ____ Power Plants, which leads to lower levels of ______ ______. A solution of this is _____ _______.
nuclear, dissolved oxygen, cooling towers
What are human medications considered (pollutants) and how do they spread to aquatic ecosystems?
What is LD50 referring to?
Dose of concentration of a chemical that kills 50%<= of the population being studied. (lethal dose)
What are POPs, and an example matched with a source?
Persistent Organic Pollutants- Don't easily breakdown and accumulates in fatty tissues
DDT- Agriculture (now aquatic ecosystems)
PCBs- Paint and Plastics
PBDEs- Fire-Proofing chemicals on things
BPA or Phthalates- Plastic
Dioxins- Fertilizer and/or biomass
Perchlorates- Explosives fuel (rockets, fireworks, etc)
What are the four steps of sewage treatment, and briefly describe what they do?
1. Primary (Treatment)- Physical Removal of Junk
2. Secondary (Treatment)- Biological breakdown of organic matter with bacteria
3. Tertiary (Treatment)- Chemical treatments to clean pollutants from the second treatment (bacteria, etc.)
4. Disinfectant- UV light, ozone, and/or chlorine used to kill bacterial and pathogens
Acid rain's effect on oceans concerning coral reefs?
Decreases pH outside of the range of tolerance, so fish and algae leave, without algae's protection, coral loses color and becomes stressed (coral bleaching).
RCRA Act tracking trash lifelong.
Cradle-to-Grave Act
How to find the maximum allowable chemical levels safe for humans?
Generally, divide LD50 or ED50 dose concentration by 1,000 for extreme caution.