Judicial Branch
What article outlines the judicial branch in the constitution?
III
What is the purpose of a jury?
to prevent government oppression of the accused. The jury listens to the evidence during a trial, decides what facts the evidence has established, and draws inferences from those facts to form the basis for their decision.
What case gave the Judicial Branch the power of judicial review?
Marbury vs Madison
In this case, the court ruled that police officers must inform suspects of their right to remain silent before questioning these rights became known as “Miranda Rights” or “Miranda Warning”.
Miranda v Arizona
What is rule of law?
No one is above the law
What is the function of the judicial branch?
Interpret laws
What is the difference between a trial and appellate court?
Which case did the court reason that the Sixth Amendment's guarantee of counsel is a fundamental and essential right that all state government should uphold.
Gideon V Wainwright
The Court said that the “separate but equal” doctrine “has no place” in public education.
What is Appellate Jurisdiction?
The power to hear appeals of cases which have been tried in lower courts
-Cases involving federal law, including the U.S. Constitution itself
-Cases involving the United States, individual states or foreign powers as parties
-Cases between citizens of different states
What are the requirements to serve on a jury?
To serve as a juror, a person must be a U.S. citizen, 18 years of age, able to understand English, a resident within the court’s jurisdiction, and have no felony convictions.
Which case legalized separate but equal?
Plessy v Ferguson
In this case, the Court ruled that banning handguns, an entire class of arms that is commonly used for protection purposes, and prohibiting firearms from being kept functional in the home, the area traditionally in need of protection, violates the Second Amendment.
Heller v District of Columbia
What is Judicial Review?
The power of the judicial branch to rule laws passed by congress and executive orders issued by the president unconstitutional.
Name the 3 levels of Federal courts from least to greatest power.
District Courts --> Appeals Courts --> Supreme Court
What does a jury decide in criminal and civil cases?
The jury decides whether a defendant is "guilty" or "not guilty" in criminal cases, and "liable" or "not liable" in civil cases.
In this ruling, the U.S. Supreme Court stated that enslaved people were not citizens of the United States and, therefore, could not expect any protection from the federal government or the courts.
Dred Scott v Sandford
What was the decision in Hazelwood v Kuhlmeier?
Schools may limit or censor student First Amendment rights if it will cause harm to the educational environment.
What is a Writ of Certiorari?
Orders a lower court to deliver its record in a case so that a higher court may review