Learning Misc.
This is a relatively permanent change in an organism’s behavior due to experience
Learning
Every time a dog gets to go for a walk, their human grabs the leash. The dog gets excited whenever their human moves the leash, even if there is no walk afterwards. The dog has been conditioned through what kind of learning?
Specific term. Not Classical or Operant)
Association
True or False:
Fixed-interval schedule: Reinforces a response only after a specified time has elapsed. (e.g., preparing for an exam only when the exam draws close.) Produces a scalloping response
True
True or False:
Caffeine is a depressant and psychoactive drug that is a poor reinforcer.
False. Caffeine is a stimulant and an EXCELLENT reinforcer
This is the initial stage in classical conditioning in which an association between a neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus takes place.
Acquistion
This is adjusting to a changed environment.
Adaptation
A student needs to give a presentation in front of the class but has anxiety about it, a teacher begins to praise the student whenever they share in class. The student shares more in class and becomes less anxious about public speaking.
Identify the CR
Less anxiety.
This is the operant conditioning procedure in which reinforcers guide behavior towards the desired target behavior through successive approximations (hot/cold activity).
We REALLY wanted our peer to squeeze the squishy stress ball.
Shaping
This is an automatic response to stimulus (not unconditioned response)
Natural reflex
This is a type of learning in which we adapt to stimuli that DO NOT change.
Habituation
This is a tendency to respond to stimuli similar to the CS
Generalization
A person misuses alcohol, they are given a medication that causes them to get sick every time they drink it. Now, when they see or smell alcohol, they get sick.
Identify the CR.
Getting sick
This is the addition of an unpleasant stimulus.
Positive punishment
This is a behavioral reaction to stimulus. It can be conditioned or unconditioned.
Response
Relating to Classical Conditioning, these terms mean "learned" and "unlearned"
Conditioned and Unconditioned
My Bobo doll study (1961) indicated that individuals (children) learn through imitating others who receive rewards and punishments.
Bandura's
Marsha, underwent chemotherapy for cancer treatment. After her first chemotherapy session, she became sick almost immediately with nausea and vomiting.
As she continued treatment, she vomited every time she received chemotherapy. Over time, Marsha began to associate the doctor’s office with the nausea caused by the drugs. Eventually, even when she returned just for a check-up, she felt nauseated.
Identify:
UCS
UCR
CS
CR
This is the removal of an unpleasant stimulus
Negative reinforcement
This is a view that Psychology should:
Behaviorism
Ding! Dong! My experiments in behaviorism relating to dogs and salivating taught us mush about conditioning. My name may also now be a trigger word for some of our peers...
Ivan Pavlov
Classical conditioning forms associations between stimuli (CS and US). We do not have a choice.
Operant conditioning, on the other hand, forms an association between behaviors and the resulting consequences. We do have a choice.
On which "levels" are each of these operating?
Unconscious versus conscious
DISCUSSION QUESTION:
Gentile et al., (2004) shows that children in elementary school who are exposed to violent television, videos, and video games express increased aggression.
Is this correlation or causation? Why or how?
ALL GROUPS WHO RESPOND GET THE POINTS
[varied response]
The following are related to what type of reinforcers?
Fixed - Never changing
Variable - Changing
Ratio - Having to do with behavior or performance
Interval - Having to do with time
Continuous v. partial
In breaking down Classical Conditioning, are the Neutral Stimulus and the Conditioned Stimulus:
a. Always the same
B. Never the same
C. Possibly the same, depending on response (U & C)
D. Unrelated to Classical Conditioning and actually related more closely to Operant Conditioning
A. Always the same
I was the lead researcher/psychologist on the Little Albert case. I was fired from the university. Not for the Baby Albert thing. I was divorced and that was considered way worse at the time.
** Bonus 100 Points if you can name the company I went to work for afterwards**
John B. Watson