Theories of Motivation
What needs are at the base (very bottom) of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs?
Physiological Needs
Name one psychological reason why a person might eat when they are not hungry?
1. With other people
2. Variety of foods (buffet)
3. Feeling depressed
4. Serving size
5. Bored
This theory of emotion says that cognitive appraisal happens, and the physiological response and emotional experience happen simultaneously.
heart pounds
About to give speech -> this will be fun ->
excitement
Lazarus
There are three general categories of stress. Name one of them.
1. Catastrophes
2. Significant Life Changes
3. Daily Hassles
What theory of motivation is this?
Need -------> Drive ---------> Drive-reducing behavior
(Food) -----> (Hunger) -----> Eating
Drive-Reduction Theory
What level needs are missing from this Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs pyramid?
Self-Actualization Needs
Esteem Needs
????
Safety Needs
Physiological Needs
Love and Belongingness
This is the tendency to maintain a balanced state in the body.
Homeostasis
This theory of emotion says that the physiological response and the experience of emotion happen simultaneously.
Heart Pounds
About to give speech ---->
Anxiety
Cannon-Bard
According to General Adaptation Syndrome, the body’s response to stress happens in three stages. Name one of them.
1. Alarm
2. Resistance
3. Exhaustion
This is a pyramid of human needs, created by Abraham Maslow.
Hierarchy of Needs
This theory of motivation best describes nest-building behavior in birds.
Instinct Theory
Name one hormone involved in hunger and appetite.
Insulin
Ghrelin
Orexin
Leptin
PYY
This theory of emotion says that the physiological response happens before the experience of emotion.
About to give speech -> heart pounds -> anxiety
James-Lange
Name two things that happen in your body when the sympathetic nervous system is activated
1) Pupils dilate
2) Respiration increases
3) Heart rate accelerates
4) Adrenal glands secrete stress hormones
5) Digestion is inhibited
6) Immune system functioning is reduced
7) Salivation decreases
8) Skin perspires
This is the tendency of facial muscle states to trigger corresponding feelings.
Facial Feedback Effect
This theory of motivation best explains why some people enjoy mountain climbing?
Optimal Arousal Theory
This is a complex, unlearned behavior, patterned throughout a species
Instinct
According to Zajonc-LeDoux, emotion sometimes takes the “low road” through this part of our brain.
Amygdala
This happens when people under stress seek and provide support to others.
Tend-and-Befriend Response
This describes a competitive, hard-driving, impatient, anger-prone person.
Type A Personality
This principle says that optimum arousal levels depend on the ease or difficulty of the task at hand.
Yerkes-Dodson law
When the level of ________ in your blood drops, your body signals your brain to motivate eating.
glucose
This theory of emotion says that our experience of emotion depends on two factors: general arousal and cognitive appraisal.
About to give speech -> Heart pounds -> This could be fun -> Excitement
Schachter-Singer
Name one way stress can affect a person’s physical health.
1. More susceptible to colds
2. Longer to heal
3. Less able to fight cancer, AIDS, etc.
4. More susceptible to heart disease
What is the number one cause of death in the U.S.?
Heart Disease