Motivation Concepts
The theory that suggests that behavior is motivated by the desire to reduce internal tension caused by unmet needs is known as:
a) Arousal theory
b) Drive-reduction theory
c) Incentive theory
d) Self-determination theory
b) Drive-reduction theory
1. The Yerkes-Dodson law suggests that performance is best when arousal is:
a) Low
b) Moderate
c) High
d) Variable
b) Moderate
Which part of the nervous system is responsible for calming the body after a stress response?
- A) Sympathetic Nervous System
- B) Somatic Nervous System
- C) Central Nervous System
- D) Parasympathetic Nervous System
D) Parasympathetic Nervous System
4. The facial feedback hypothesis suggests that:
a ) Facial expressions can influence emotional experiences
b) Emotional experiences can influence facial expressions
c) Facial expressions and emotional experiences are unrelated
d) Facial expressions are solely determined by cultural norms
a ) Facial expressions can influence emotional experiences
The tend-and-befriend response to stress is more commonly observed in:
a) Males
b) Females
c) Children
d) Older adults
b) Females
What is the term for a complex, unlearned behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species?
- A) Drive
- B) Incentive
- C) Instinct
- D) Arousal
- C) Instinct
What is the term for the idea that our behavior is motivated by biological needs and desires?
- A) Drive-Reduction Theory
- B) Incentive Theory
- C) Arousal Theory
- D) Instinct Theory
D) Instinct Theory
The theory that suggests that emotions are the result of cognitive appraisal of a situation is known as:
a) Cannon-Bard theory
b) James-Lange theory
c) Two-factor theory
d) Cognitive appraisal theory
c) Two-factor theory
Which of the following findings about emotions is well supported by research?
A. There are several universal emotions.
B. Anger is a cognitive state with no physiological correlates.
C. The polygraph is highly effective at detecting lies.
D. Emotional intelligence is highly correlated with Type A personality.
E. The cerebellum is the origin of most emotional experience in the brain.
A. There are several universal emotions.
The stress hormone released by the adrenal glands is called:
a) Cortisol
b) Adrenaline
c) Serotonin
d) Dopamine
a) Cortisol
The process of adapting to a stressor and returning to a state of equilibrium is known as:
a) Allostasis
b) Homeostasis
c) Adaptation
d) Resilience
b) Homeostasis
Which of the following correctly lists Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy of needs from bottom to top?
A. Safety, esteem, belonging, physiological, self-actualization
B. Safety, physiological, esteem, belonging, self-actualization
C. Physiological, safety, esteem, belonging, self-actualization
D. Physiological, safety, belonging, esteem, self-actualization
D. Physiological, safety, belonging, esteem, self-actualization
Which theory of emotion suggests that physiological arousal and the experience of emotion occur simultaneously?
- A) James-Lange Theory
- B) Cannon-Bard Theory
- C) Two-Factor Theory
- D) Schachter-Singer Theory
B) Cannon-Bard Theory
For most of his life, Mike has been overweight. Not long after going on a diet and losing over 30 pounds, Mike gained back nearly all the weight. Which of the following concepts best explains Mike’s experience?
A. Drive-reduction theory
B. Anorexia nervosa
C. Basal metabolic rate
D. Set-point theory
E. Instincts
D. Set-point theory
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Type A personality?
a) Competitiveness
b) Impatience
c) Relaxed demeanor
d) Time urgency
c) Relaxed demeanor
What is the term for a need or desire that energizes and directs behavior?
- A) Drive
- B) Incentive
- C) Instinct
- D) Motivation
D) Motivation
What theory of motivation proposes that humans are motivated by stimuli which they find rewarding?
- A) Drive-Reduction Theory
- B) Incentive Theory
- C) Arousal Theory
- D) Instinct Theory
- B) Incentive Theory
What is the term for the idea that a given level of arousal can be associated with different emotions, depending on how the arousal is labeled?
- A) Optimal Arousal Theory
- B) James-Lange Theory
- C) Cannon-Bard Theory
- D) Schachter-Singer Theory
D) Schachter-Singer Theory
Which part of the brain plays a key role in the regulation of hunger and eating behavior?
- A) Amygdala
- B) Hippocampus
- C) Hypothalamus
- D) Frontal Lobe
C) Hypothalamus
Danielle was laid off from her job six months ago and has been unsuccessful at finding a new one. The income from her long hours of temp work barely covers her bills. She has begun to have frequent cold and flu symptoms and has become depressed. Danielle is most likely in the stage of Hans Selye’s general adaptation syndrome known as
Responses
A. alarm
B. reaction
C. exhaustion
D. resistance
E. delay
C. exhaustion
Which of the following concepts provides the best explanation for why people seek to put on warmer clothing when they start to feel cold?
A. Set-point theory
B. Homeostasis
C. Self-serving bias
D. Refractory period
E. Assimilation
B. Homeostasis
According to Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which of the following statements is true?
A. Individuals may have peak experiences when meeting physiological needs.
B. Self-actualization will always precede the meeting of needs for esteem.
C. There are cultural differences in the rate at which individuals attain self-actualization.
D. Women are more likely to reach self-actualization than men are.
E. Physiological needs must be met before an individual achieves self-actualization.
E. Physiological needs must be met before an individual achieves self-actualization.
Leo and Caitlin are both experiencing feelings about their date tonight. Leo has had bad dates lately, and so he feels fear and dejection. Caitlin, meanwhile, has had very good dates, and so she feels excited and happy. According to Richard Lazarus’ appraisal theory.
A. Leo and Caitlin have an immediate unconscious interpretation of the scenario, which leads them to simultaneously both label their feelings as either positive or negative and have the appropriate physiological response
B. Leo is able to identify his response as fear more quickly than Caitlin can identify her response as excitement because fear is more evolutionarily important and thus is processed more quickly
C. Leo and Caitlin experience different physiological responses to the impending date and interpret their emotional responses accordingly
D. Leo and Caitlin both experience a physiological response and feel either fear or excitement simultaneously
E. Leo would score high on neuroticism, while Caitlin would score high on agreeableness
A. Leo and Caitlin have an immediate unconscious interpretation of the scenario, which leads them to simultaneously both label their feelings as either positive or negative and have the appropriate physiological response
An individual experiencing a low blood-glucose level would be best advised to do which of the following?
A. Take a nap
B. Eat a snack
C. Drink a glass of water
D. Drink a diet soda
E. Get some exercise
B. Eat a snack
500 Melvin, a server at a restaurant, is in the middle of a lunch rush. He is completing orders, serving customers, and seating new guests. He has adapted to this level of stress and is coping. Which of the following terms identifies a stage in Hans Selye’s general adaptation syndrome that Melvin is currently experiencing?
A. Resistance
B. Exhaustion
C. Withdrawal
D. Alarm
E. Pressure
A. Resistance