Vocabulary
Identifying marks burned into livestock to show ownership.
Branding
Levels of violence increased across the Texas frontier as the U.S. _____ became more involved in forcibly removing Native American peoples to reservations in “Indian Territory”
Army
What characterized the society in Texas during 1860-1900?
Cattle drives and wars with American Indian Tribes
If you visited Texas after the Civil War, you would notice that the state had become a leader in what?
Ranching
This crop was singularly well suited to being grown in both eastern AND western Texas… leading to it being named as the “king” of Texas crops
Cotton
Farmers could use the wind to create energy to pump water to the surface from underground aquifers.
Windmill
Many white Texans wanted Native American peoples to be forcibly removed to these - an area of land that would be held and governed by a federally recognized Native American tribal nation
Reservation
A hybrid breed of cattle that developed in Texas due to the cross-breeding of criollo (Spanish) cows and European cattle
The Texas Longhorn
What was the development of ranching in West Texas primarily influenced by?
Water Resources
After the Civil War, numerous cattle trails were added to support the growing cattle industry in Texas.
True or False
True
The open lands beyond settlements.
Frontier
When did an end to the traditional lifestyle of many American Indians came about during Reconstruction?
When a number of tribes established large ranches
Other than the availability of land, what other factor facilitated the settlement of the Texas frontier?
The demand for beef in the eastern states?
Why did cowboys, rather than ranch owners, oppose the use of barbed wire?
Barbed wire limited open range
How did the climate affect economic development in West Texas?
The region was too dry to support farming, so ranching became more prominent.
Fencing used to contain livestock made from long strands of wire with small pieces of sharply pointed wire twisted around it.
Barbed wire
This battle resulted in the death of 50 members of the Kotsoteka Comanche band, and the capture of 130 of the band’s members, as well as their herd of horses
The Battle of North Fork?
How did the end of the Civil War affect the cattle industry?
The demand for beef in the East brought rapid growth to the industry
What did windmills allow farmers and ranchers to do in West Texas?
Being able to irrigate crops without having access to a river
How did Governor James Hogg work to protect Texas from unfair business practice?
By supporting the creation of the Texas Railroad Commission
Cowboys moved large herds of cattle across the open range to market for sale.
Cattle Drive
Several Native American groups in Texas participated in the signing of this treaty in 1867– which promised them a 3-million-acre reservation if they ended the raids and attacks on white settlements on the plains
The Medicine Lodge Treaty
What was one of the consequences of using barbed wire on the frontier of Texas?
The end to cattle drives?
What caused the range wars of the late 1800s in Texas?
Ranchers fencing land with barbed wire
Explain at least 2 ways the use of windmills changed cattle ranching and farming in Texas.
1. Windmills supplied water to previously dry areas. Before windmills, cattle had to be taken to water sources.
2. Windmills also helped farming to increase. Before the windmills, the land was too dry, but once windmills came, they could grow crops.