Natural Selection
What is a theory in science?
Multiple hypothesis that have been proven true
Approximately how old is Earth?
4.6 billion years old
What is gene flow?
When organisms move out of a population, removing their genes or in, adding them to a new population
What is molecular/DNA evidence and how does it help us explain how species are related?
Comparison of DNA between different species-- DNA can only be replicated (with maybe some mutations) so the similarities suggest it came from 1 common ancestor
What makes a species?
Individuals being able to mate and reproduce viable (fertile) offspring
Define “survival of the fittest.”
When organisms have more offspring because they survive longer
What law helps determine the age of rocks by looking at how "deep" they are in the earth?
The law of superposition
Define non-random mating and give an example.
When organisms choose a mate based on specific features or behavior
EX: Birds of paradise
How do embryological similarities support evolutionary theory?
Many species share similarities early in development, suggesting they shared a common ancestor
Define geographic isolation.
Separation by physicals means that prevents mating (river, ocean, canyon, mountain, etc.)
What type of selection curve would favor light green color frogs and dark brown colored frogs but not medium green frogs.
What type of evidence for evolution also helps us determine the age of the earth?
Fossil Evidence
How does genetic drift affect small populations?
They have less diversity to start with so the random loss changes their new allele frequency more than if it was a large population
What do homologous structures tell us about evolution?
Organisms share the same structures from a common ancestor-- while humans, horses, and whales use their limbs differently they all have the same arm/finger bones
Define Behavioral Isolation?
Separation where species cannot recognize each other that prevents mating (patterns, pheromones, mating displays, etc.)
Can an individual adapt in their lift time?
No- they're either born with adaptations or not
Transitional species
Why does Hardy Weinberg equilibrium explain that evolution will not occur?
For the Hardy Weinberg equilibrium to occur all "5 fingers" or mechanisms of evolution CAN'T be happening, so no evolution.
Explain vestigial structures and give an example.
Remaining structures from a common ancestor in organisms that serve a different purpose or none at all
EX: Leg/pelvis bones in legs, human appendix/wisdom teeth
Define temporal isolation?
Separation by time that prevents mating (different mating seasons)
Describe how natural selection leads to adaptation over time, using bacteria as an example.
Bacteria resistance to antibiotics leads to stronger harder to kill bacteria
What else can fossil evidence tell us about early earth besides the organisms that lived there?
The environment they lived IN and how it changed
Name all "5 fingers" of evolution
Small population/genetic drift
Non-random mating
Mutations
Gene Flow
Natural Selection (adaptations)
What is the difference between convergent and divergent evolution?
Divergent evolution refers to organism that share the same structures because they share a recent common ancestor
Convergent evolution refers to organisms that have the same structures NOT because they share a recent common ancestor but because they lived in a similar environment
Explain how one of the three times of isolation can lead to new species over time
After one of the types of separation species would slowly adapt to their environments, becoming more different from one another until they can no longer mate and reproduce thus becoming different species.