Acids and Bases and Salts- Oh My!
Which of the following is an electrolyte? (Select all that apply)
NH3, CaCl2, C6H12O5, CH3COOH
NH3, CaCl2, CH3COOH (base, salt, acid)
"One acid base theory" states that an acid is... and a base is...
Acid is a H+ donor
Base is a H+ acceptor
In which 0.0010M aqueous solution will methyl orange be yellow?
HCl, CH3COOH, NH3, NaCl
Yellow with methyl orange indicates a base therefore NH3
A neutralization reaction produces K2SO4 and water as the products. What were the reactants?
H2SO4 and KOH
Water in a small lake has a pH of 7. A fertilizer factory is built nearby, and the runoff into the lake causes the lake water's H+ concentration to increase by 1,000 fold. What is the new pH?
1,000 = 10 x 10 x 10= a change of 3 pH units
Started at 7, ended at pH=4
What is the bonding in HCl, and why is it an electrolyte?
HCl is a molecular compound (has covalent bonding) and dissociates into ions in solution
Which pH values indicates a high concentration of H+ ions in solution?
1, 6, 8, 14
pH of 1
Which solution will change a solution with bromthymol blue indicator from blue to yellow ?
CH3OH(aq), KOH(aq), CH3COOH(aq), NaOH(aq)
Changing from yellow to blue requires a acid to be added
CH3COOH(aq)
What are the (specific) products of HCl and NaOH reacting? What is the name of this reaction?
Water and NaCl
Neutralization Reaction
What is the formula of the hydroxide ion? The hydronium ion?
Hydroxide= OH-
Hydronium = H3O+
Why is CH3COOH an Arrhenius acid?
CH3COOH releases H+ in solution as the only positive ion.
What is the relationship between [H+] and [OH-] in water? in a basic solution? in an acidic solution?
water: [H+] = [OH-]
basic solution: [H+] < [OH-]
acidic solution: [H+] >[OH-]
Finish this equation:
H2SO4(aq) + 2KOH(aq) →
H2SO4(aq) + 2KOH(aq) → 2H2O + K2SO4
During the summer season, I spilled an entire container of a chemical into my pool resulting in the [H+] increasing 100,000 times! What is the final pH, assuming the initial pH was 7. Do you think I can swim in the pool?
The final pH is 5 pH units lower: pH = 2
Don't swim!!
Which of the following does not release OH- as the only negative ion in solution (in other words, is not an Arrhenius base). Select all that apply.
KOH, CH3CH2OH, NaOH
CH3CH2OH
Pond water has a pH of 7 before a truck transporting HNO3 overturns, dumping the acid into the pond. The [H+] increases by a factor of 100. What is the resulting pH?
a factor of 100 = 10 x 10, or 2 pH units
increase in [H+] means the pH DECREASES
new pH =5
An acid and base produce what?
Salt and water
What is true about the moles of H+ ion and moles of OH- ion at the equivalence point of a titration?
They are equal.
I have two solutions whose labels have come off. One has a pH of 5.8 and one has a pH of 7.7. Which indicator would distinguish between the two solutions?
Bromthymol blue has its color change between pH 6.0 - 7.6. Therefore the pH 5.8 solution will be yellow and the pH 7.7 solution will be blue.
What ion is produced by an Arrhenius acid in solution?
What ion is produced by an Arrhenius base in solution?
ACID: H+ (or H3O+)
BASE: OH-
Which solution will conduct better- one with a pH of 6 or one with a pH of 12?
pH of 12 tells us there are more ions in solution therefore it is the better conductor.
A strong acid is considered strong because it...
ionizes completely.
What volume of 0.250 M HCl(aq) must completely react to neutralize 50.0 milliliters of 0.750 M KOH(aq)
MaVa=MbVb
(0.250M)Va= (0.750M)(50.0mL)
Va= 150. mL
When I performed the titration lab, 10.10 mL of 1.0 M NaOH neutralized 9.5 mL of vinegar. Explain what happened in terms of the ions.
Moles of H+ = moles of OH- when neutralization occurs.