Infancy
Childhood / Adolescence
Theory...
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Potpourri
100
Babies prefer object to be how far away from them when viewing? Why?
What is 8-12 inches - perfect for how far away parent is
100
In this type of attachment style, a small child may be less likely to explore, may cling to their parent, and becomes very upset when the parent leaves - but may be angry or indifferent when the parent returns
What is insecure attachment
100
During this level of Kohlberg's Moral Development, actions are seen as "right" because it's the right thing to do even if it is unpopular
What is Postconventional Morality
100
During this stage of Piaget's cognitive development model, a person experiences their world by looking, hearing, touching, and grasping
What is the sensorimotor stage
100
What type of parenting style supports the strongest attachments?
What is authoritative
200
What is the sequence for learning to walk? Is this universal?
What is 1) roll over, 2) sit unsupported, 3) crawl, 4) walk Yes - universal process but the age at which this happens varies per child
200
List the 3 types of parenting styles and provide examples/definitions
What is 1) authoritarian - rules/obedience 2) permissive - give in to kids, friend 3) authoritative - demanding but responsive, give and take
200
This term refers to a what a person does even when it is hard - examples would be the "what would you do" clips
What is moral action
200
During this stage of Piaget's cognitive development, individuals are able to fully comprehend math transformation and conservation (.25 is 1/4 is 25%)
What is Concrete Operational Stage
200
This term refers to a person being able to "hold on" until after Christmas before passing away the day after.
What is the Death deferral phenomenon
300
This concept explains that a baby does not understand that when a toy is covered with a blanket, that it does not "disappear from the world"
What is object permanence
300
List 3 differences between males and females
What is women enter puberty 2 years sooner, live 5 years longer, carry 70% more fat, 40% less muscle, and are 5" shorter - men 4x more likely to commit suicide or suffer alcohol dependence, more diagnosed with autism, colorblind, and ADHD
300
This stage of Kohlberg's morality development demonstrates that kids focus on their own self interest and follow rules just to avoid punishment or gain reward
What is Preconventional Morality
300
During this stage of moral development, Kohlberg stated that individuals focus on caring for others, upholding laws and rules because they are laws and rules
What is Conventional Morality
300
Accumulated knowledge/wisdom is to the ability to reason speedily as _____ intelligence is to _____ intelligence.
What is crystallized is to fluid
400
The process by which children develop schemas, or mental molds of the world, involve two key but different experiences
What is assimilation (new experiences and interpret them in terms of current understanding) and accommodation (adjust schemas to incorporate info and refine category)
400
This term involves a male being more likely to venture a guess when asked a question than a female.
What is male answer syndrome
400
During this stage of development according to Erikson, teenagers work at refining a sense of self
What is identity vs. role confusion
400
This refers to a person's characteristic emotional reactions and intensity
What is temperament
400
List at least 3 effects of aging on the body
What is telomeres or chromosome wear down like a shoelace frays, visual sharpness declines, smell and hearing decrease, pupils shrink letting less light to reach the retina, immune system weakens so more susceptible to serious ailments (not common cold), atrophy of inhibition-controlling frontal lobes
500
In Harlow's monkey experiment, they demonstrated that a nurturing parent is seen as a "___________" that helps them learn to trust the world and provide love
What is a secure base
500
Explain the Rosenzweig Rat Experiment - what did it show? How is this relevant for people?
What is that children benefit from an enriched vs. an impoverished environment and that there are even brain changes (brain weighed 7-10% more, synapses increased by 20%) Preemies and massage therapy example
500
During this stage of Piaget's cognitive development model, people are able to perform abstract thinking and systematic reasoning
What is Formal Operational
500
Explain why Piaget's research was so ground-breaking and is still in use today
What is that Piaget allowed adults to see that children's brains are different in the way they approach things and therefore helped with teaching/shaping young minds (walk please vs. Don't run!)
500
Name the 5 stages of grief in order
What is denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance
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