Agriculture
Excess nitrogen and phosphorus from agricultural runoff enter water systems, leading to algal blooms and decreased oxygen levels.
Eutrophication
This tyoe of livestock system raises alot of animals in a small area to maximize effeciency and production
CAFOs
This term describes when people do not have reliable access to sufficient, nutritious food.
Food Insecurity
Chemicals used to kill insects, weeds, fungi, or rodents in agriculture.
What are pesticides?
A farm increases corn production from 100 kg to 125 kg. Using the percent‑change equation, what is the percent increase?
25%
The buildup of salt in soil due to excessive irrigation.
Salinization
Defficiency of Iron and other nutrients, calories, protien, and fat leading to appearing extremely thin and and starved.
What is this called?
X2 = what is the other form of malnutrition and its deffinition?
Marasmus
X2 Kwashiorkor, appearing bloated but specifically a protien deficiency
A condition caused by a lack of protein in the diet, common in developing regions.
Kwashiorkor
When pesticides move up the food chain and become more concentrated in organisms at higher trophic levels.
Biomagnification
A fishery has 15,000 fish and harvests 6% per year. Using the harvest equation, how many fish are harvested annually?
900 fish
A farm switches from monoculture to intercropping and reduces chemical inputs. Yields drop at first but later stabilize as soil quality and biodiversity improve.
This change best demonstrates what concept and what key ecological process?
Sustainable agriculture and nutrient cycling
10-12,000 years ago, marks the transition from hunter to gatherer and people started to settle into farming communities.
Neolithic or Agricultural Revolution
This agricultural strategy increases food production by improving crop yields through irrigation, fertilizers, and high yield varieties.
Green Revolution
A pest management strategy that uses biological controls, crop rotation, habitat manipulation, and limited chemical use to reduce environmental harm.
Integrated Pest Management (IPM)?
A primary consumer receives 2,000 kJ of energy. A secondary consumer receives 10% of that. How many times more energy does the primary consumer receive than the secondary consumer?
10 times more energy?
This process occurs when excessive irrigation water raises the water table, saturating soil pores and depriving crop roots of oxygen.
Waterlogging
This environmental consequence of overgrazing occurs when vegetation removal exposes topsoil to wind and water erosion, often reducing the land’s carrying capacity.
Desertification
Large areas of farmland in developing countries are used to grow export crops such as coffee and cocoa instead of staple crops for local populations, which can worsen malnutrition and dependence on imported food. What agricultural practice is being described?
Cash Cropping
A farmer repeatedly applies the same pesticide to a crop over many growing seasons. Eventually, the pesticide becomes less effective because a small portion of the pest population survives and passes resistance traits to future generations. What environmental process is occurring?
Pesticide Resistance/Resistance Evolution
A region loses 14,000 hectares of tropical rainforest to cattle ranching each year. If each hectare stores approximately 190 metric tons of carbon, how many metric tons of carbon storage are lost annually due to deforestation?
2.66 million metric tons
What agricultural practice uses alternating crop species across growing seasons to naturally restore soil nutrients, interrupt pest cycles, and reduce dependence on synthetic fertilizers?
Crop Rotation or Crop Cycling
How does the expansion of livestock based land use contribute to both atmospheric carbon imbalance and the disruption of natural ecosystem biodiversity?
Expanding livestock ranches into forested areas can destroy habitats and increase CO2 emissions
In many low income nations, rapid population growth combined with soil degradation, climate instability, and unequal access to agricultural technology reduces a country’s ability to consistently meet the nutritional needs of its population. What long-term global challenge is being described?
Food Insecurity/Global Hunger
A broad-spectrum pesticide eliminates both harmful crop pests and beneficial insects such as pollinators and natural predators, disrupting ecosystem balance and increasing future pest outbreaks. What unintended environmental effect is being demonstrated?
Non target Poisoning
A feedlot with 4,000 cattle produces an average of 50 kg of manure per cow each day. If 12% of the total manure enters nearby waterways as runoff, approximately how many kilograms of manure pollute the water daily?
24,000 kg