Present Participle
I had forgotten to set my alarm clock. I woke up late the morning of the interview.
Having forgotten to set my alarm clock, I woke up late in the morning of the interview.
As I had been to England before, I knew where to find a good hotel.
Having been to England before, I knew where to find a good hotel.
As she didn't have a boyfriend, she flirted with every guy she met
Not having a boyfriend, she flirted with every guy she met.
Most people expected Martinez to become president / Sanchez won easily
moreover / on account of / however
Most people expected Martinez to become president. However, Sanchez won easily
To intentionally damage something, particularly public property
To vandalize
She wasn’t very interested in the film. As a result, she left early.
Not being very interested in the film, she left early.
Since I had not seen him for ages, I didn't recognize him.
Not having seen him for ages, I didn't recognize him.
Since he had never been there before, he was stunned.
Having never been there before, he was stunned.
Many motorists went out on the roads / the police’s warning to stay at home
however / in spite of / moreover
Many motorists went out on the roads, in spite of the police's warning to stay at home.
It’s just a fancy dress party. I think spending $100 on an outfit is going overboard/outboard.
overboard
I threw back the bedcovers. I rushed downstairs to the kitchen.
Throwing back the bedcovers, I rushed downstairs to the kitchen.
We switched off the lights before we went to bed.
Having switched off the lights, we went to bed.
While she was preparing dinner, she cut her finger.
Preparing dinner, she cut her finger.
visiting our friends in New York / we also spent some time in Boston
as well as / yet / however
As well as visiting our friends in New York, we also spent some time in Boston.
An amount of money or something of value given to someone in order to persuade them to do something that is illegal
Bribe
I read the message. I laughed out loud with relief.
Reading the message, I laughed out loud with relief.
She had been to the disco the night before and overslept in the morning.
Having been to the disco the night before, she overslept in the morning.
Since he didn't feel well, he stayed in bed.
Not feeling well, he stayed in bed.
Our offices are closed on Monday / the holiday
in spite of /moreover / on account of
Our offces are closed on Monday on account of the national holiday.
an amount of money that must be paid as a legal punishment
Fine
They didn’t want to spend too much money. Because of this, they went on holiday nearby.
Not wanting to spend too much money, they went on holiday somewhere local.
The boy asked his mother's permission and then went out to play.
Having asked his mother's permission, the boy went out to play.
Since she didn't hear the doorbell, she missed the delivery.
Not having heard the doorbell, she missed the delivery.
the hotel is very conveniently located / it is very good value for money
however/ moreover / in spite of
The hotel is very conveniently located. Moreover, it is very good value for money.
There will be a 3% pay increase across/over the board. Managers will get the same rise as other employees.
across the board