Society Expects Too Much
The unspoken rules that govern how people interact with each other.
Social norms
You find out that your nemesis got stung by a bee and then fell into a pool in front of the whole school. You assume that they deserved this because of this phenomenon.
Just-world hypothesis
The barista at the Shoppes' Starbucks threw your drink at you after you paid for it. You walk away thinking "wow, that barista is an awful human being." You've made this kind of attribution about the barista's behavior.
An internal/dispositional attribution
Peer pressure is an example of this.
Social influence
Saying "bless you" or "gesundheit" or "salud" after someone sneezes is this kind of social norm.
Folkway norms
Your gym teacher thinks you're lazy. Instead of recognizing the four miles you walked in gym yesterday or the fifteen points you scored in basketball, they only notice the two times you forgot your sneakers at home. This tendency to look for information that proves our beliefs is known as what?
Confirmation bias
The barista at the Shoppes' Starbucks threw your drink at you after you paid for it. As you walk away, the barista tells their friend that their partner just broke up with them through the drive-thru window right before you came in. The barista is making this kind of attribution to explain their behavior.
An external/situational attribution
This is the reason why you feel sad when all of your friends are sad too.
Mood contagion
Give an example of one of your ascribed roles and achieved roles. Make sure to correctly identify which is which.
Ascribed Role - assigned to you
Achieved Role - chosen by you
You think that all North Brunswick students are smarter, funnier, kinder, and more attractive than those New Brunswick kids because of this bias.
Ingroup bias
When you ace your APUSH test, you're really proud of how smart you are. When you fail the next APUSH test, you tell your parents that the test was too hard. This discrepancy in explaining your behavior is known as what?
Self-serving bias
This is the reason why you yawn when someone else yawns.
Social contagion
These types of norms often carry the most severe societal/social punishments for breaking them.
Taboo norms
Cognitive dissonance
You see Mr. Watters drawing on a kid's face as they sleep during one of his tests. You think, "wow, Mr. Watters is such a bully" because of this attribution error.
Fundamental attribution error (FAE)
Your best friend comes to you and vents about a particular struggle they're having. After sitting together, hugging, crying, and laughing, you both develop a strong bond afterward because of this sharing of moods.
Mood linkage
Reciprocity norm
You think you're going to do poorly in a college interview for your dream school, which causes you not to prepare for it and get flustered during the interview. As a result of this psychological phenomenon, you do poorly in the interview.
Self-fulfilling prophecy
While walking to school, you walk in the road. A car comes down the street and starts honking and swerves around you. You think "well, if the sidewalks weren't dirty, I wouldn't have to walk in the road!" The driver thinks "that kid is so reckless!" These two views of the same action represent this bias.
Actor-observer bias
Give an example of normative social influence and informational social influence.
Normative - do what others are doing to fit in
Informational - do what others are doing when you don't know what to do