3.1: Digestive System
What type of digestion involves physically breaking food into smaller pieces?
What is mechanical digestion?
Which muscle contracts downward when you inhale?
What is the diaphragm?
What is the main job of the circulatory system?
What is transporting nutrients, oxygen, and wastes?
What organ filters the blood to produce urine?
What are the kidneys?
What part of the neuron receives messages?
What are dendrites?
What is the wave-like muscle movement that pushes food down the esophagus?
What is peristalsis?
What tiny air sacs in the lungs are the main site of gas exchange?
What are alveoli?
Which side of the heart pumps blood to the lungs?
What is the right side?
What does the liver convert ammonia into?
What is urea?
Which part of the brain controls balance and coordination?
What is the cerebellum?
What structures in the small intestine increase surface area to absorb nutrients?
What are villi or microvilli?
What process moves oxygen from the alveoli into the bloodstream?
What is diffusion?
What type of blood vessel has thicker muscular walls and carries blood away from the heart?
What are arteries?
What structure stores urine until it is ready to be released?
What is the bladder?
What type of neuron carries information from the senses to the brain?
What are sensory neurons?
Which three organs add enzymes or substances to the small intestine to complete digestion?
What are the pancreas, liver, and gall bladder?
Air travels from the trachea into what structures before reaching the lungs?
What are the bronchi?
Capillaries have two adaptations that allow fast gas exchange. Name one.
They are one cell layer thick, OR
They are narrow so blood cells pass single file.
What tiny filtering units inside the kidneys produce urine?
What are nephrons?
What is the name for a rapid, automatic response that does not involve the brain?
What is a reflex?
A student’s small intestine has fewer villi than normal. How would this affect nutrient absorption?
Absorption would decrease because there is less surface area.
If the walls of the alveoli became thicker, how would breathing efficiency change?
Gas exchange would be slower because diffusion takes longer across a thicker wall.
What are the four components of blood?
What is Red Blood Cells, White Blood Cells, Platelets, and Plasma.
A person has glucose in their urine. What problem might this suggest? Why?
What is Diabetes, because cells cannot absorb glucose and the kidneys filter it out.
If someone injures their spinal cord, why might they lose the ability to move their legs? What neuron's are involved?
Because signals cannot travel between the brain and motor neurons in the legs.