Vocabulary
This was a release from punishment for sin that could be purchased from the Catholic Church during the Middle Ages
What is an Indulgence?
This catastrophic event from 1347-1351 led to major social and economic changes that helped spark the Renaissance.
What was the Black Death?
This document, written by Martin Luther in 1517, criticized the Catholic Church's sale of indulgences and helped spark the Protestant Reformation.
What were the 95 Theses?
What are the "3G's" with regards to motivations of European Explorers?
Gold, God, & Glory
The Protestant Reformation involved the break up of the Catholic Church and the establishment of what type(s) of Christian Churches
Protestant
This term refers to the everyday language spoken by people in a particular region, as opposed to scholarly Latin during the Renaissance.
What is Vernacular?
This powerful banking family ruled Florence during its height as a Renaissance cultural center and were famous patrons of the arts.
Who were the Medici?
This technological innovation helped spread Protestant ideas rapidly across Europe, while simultaneously supporting humanist principles by making original biblical texts widely available for scholarly study and criticism of Church practices.
What was the printing press?
This newly developed model of ship allowed for safer, faster travel by sea, launching the Age of Exploration
Caravel
The voyages of Christopher Columbus and other European Explorers led to the discovery and large-scale colonization of what part of the world?
The "New World"
This person revolutionized information sharing in Europe by inventing a machine that could produce books quickly and cheaply.
Who is Johannes Gutenberg?
This artistic technique, developed during the Renaissance, created the illusion of three-dimensional depth on flat surfaces using vanishing points and foreshortening.
What is perspective?
This French theologian taught the doctrine of predestination, believing God had predetermined who would be saved and who would be damned.
Who was John Calvin?
This term describes the global transfer of plants, animals, people, technologies, and diseases between the "Old" World and the "New" World, initiated by European exploration.
What is the Columbian Exchange
Renaissance artists changed the Art world forever including up to today with this innovative method of creating a 3-dimensional image on a flat 2-dimensional surface
Perspective
When Swiss pikemen left their homeland to fight for the French king in 1515, and later switched sides to fight for the Italian states when offered higher pay, they were exemplifying this type of soldier, whose modern equivalents can be found in private military companies.
What is a Mercenary?
The same artist who painted realistic human anatomy in Milan and Florence also designed advanced engineering projects and created detailed anatomical drawings, exemplifying how Renaissance figures combined art, science, and classical learning in new ways.
Who was Leonardo da Vinci?
By breaking off entirely from the Catholic Church and creating the Church of England (or Anglican Church) in an attempt to end his previous marriage and, instead, marry Anne Boleyn, Henry VIII was seeking with regards to his marriage?
Annulment
Developed out of the trade routes of the Columbian exchange and contributed to the establishment of the Plantation economic model
Tranatlantic Slave Trade
The Transatlantic Slave Trade which is the source of many modern social and racial inequalities in American society was the product of this
Columbian Exchange
The potato famine in Ireland, the rise of African slavery in the Americas, and the introduction of tomatoes to Italian cuisine were all long-term consequences of this massive historical process that began in 1492.
What is the Columbian Exchange?
When Pico della Mirandola wrote "there is nothing to admire more in the heavens than the dignity of man" and focused on human achievements rather than divine intervention, he was expressing the core ideas of this philosophical movement that dominated Renaissance thinking
What is humanism?
Aside from the sale of indulgences, Protestant Reformers advocated against these practices of the Catholic Church.
Any not found in the Bible/scripture
Name two key technological innovations in navigation that enabled European exploration during the Age of Discovery.
Caravel, compass, astrolabe, maritime charts
The arrival of these to the New World forever changed the diets peoples in the Americas
Wheat and animals (pigs, cattle, etc.)