Vocabulary 1
When something is pulled on or stretched it is said to be in this.
Tension
The Parthenon of Athens has a total of 65 columns. Why are so many vertical columns needed to support the roof?
Long horizontal slabs of stone fracture when they carry a load under tension. So, vertical columns reduce the length of the slab, distributing the load and tension.
When floating in fresh water, the buoyant F acting on you equals your weight. When floating in the high-density waters of the Dead Sea, the buoyant F acting on you is less than, greater than, or equal to your weight?
The ratio of force to the area over which that force is distributed.
Pressure
Density
D=m/v
When something is being pushed or squashed, it is said to be in this.
Compression
The Houston Astrodome does not have any supportive forces underneath the dome. Why?
The dome is like 3-dimensional catenary arches. Each supports its own weight, therefore no need for beams or columns to support it from underneath.
Archimedes' Principle
Draw or write an explanation of Archimedes' Principle.
The net upward force that a fluid exerts on an immersed object.
Buoyant Force
Weight Density
Dw=weight/volume
Density
Explain why a steel I-beam is better to use than solid beams of steel in construction.
The stress-free region (neutral layer) between the top and bottom flanges allows for horizontal forces to be held further apart, supporting more load without buckling. The "unnecessary" material is "scooped" out. This cuts down on the amount of steel needed and greatly decreases the weight of the beams.
Principle of Flotation
Draw or write and explanation for the Principle of Flotation.
An immersed body is buoyed up by a force equal to the weight of the fluid it displaces.
Archimedes' Principle
Pressure=Force/area
The type of arch that supports only its own weight, giving it maximum strength. The curve formed by a hanging chain.
Catenary
God gave the chick a wonderful, protective home in the egg. Why is it easier for the chick to peck out of the shell than it is for something to break into the shell?
When the chick pecks from the inside, it pushes outward, and the curved shape of the shell helps spread the force over a larger area, making it easier for the shell to break apart. If you try to peck in from the outside, the curved shell actually resists your force, making it harder to break in.
Pascal's Principle
Draw or write an explanation of Pascal's Principle.
The pressure applied to a motionless fluid confined in a container is transmitted undiminished throughout the fluid.
Pascal's Principle
Liquid Pressure
Liquid Pressure=weight density x depth
(or weight/volume x depth)
That arch that's load is supported uniformly and extends horizontally. The same curve followed by a thrown ball.
Parabola
Gold is highly valuable because of its density (19.3 g/cm3). When building the Golden Cathedral of Millau, builders used 2 square inch cubes of gold on the bottom row and 18 square inch blocks of gold on the top row. What is the density of the gold on the bottom row? What is the density of the gold on the top row?
19.3 g/cm3 for both. Density is not affected by the size of the gold bar.
Capillarity
Draw AND explain capillarity.
The rise of a liquid in a fine, hollow tube or in a narrow space.
Capillarity
Surface Tension
Just when you thought you'd pop like a bubble...Bonus! 100 pts.