Chapter 8.
The Smallest Unit of Life
The Cell
A jellylike fluid that holds organelles in place
Cytoplasm
Name 3 Life Processes
Transportation, Nutrition, Growth and repair, Reproduction, Regulation, Metabolism, and/or Synthesis
Allows organisms to reproduce
Reproductive System
What term refers to essential nutrients are missing from a diet
Malnutrition
Is stored in body as an energy source when carbs are low or missing
Fats
The ability of your body to maintain an internal balance
Homeostasis
Blood flow to the heart is restricted and the heart can’t pump normally.
Heart Attack
These "organ" like objects make up a cell and allow it to function
Organelles
What is the “brain” or control centre that directs overall cell activity and contains the cell's DNA
Nucleus
Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy -> Glucose + Oxygen
Photosynthsis
Supports and protects the body and its organs
Skeletal System
Where does most of the digestion of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats occur?
Small Intestine
Is used to build tissue, regulate chemical activity, and supply energy when carbs or fat are missing
Protein
The Pancreas releases this hormone to regulate the amount of glucose in the blood
Insulin
A hollow tube that is inserted into an artery in the groin or elbow.
Angiogram
What is found exclusively in Plant Cells and not Animal Cells?
Cell wall and Chloroplasts
What is the “powerhouse” releases energy in the cell by using oxygen and digested food for energy
Mitochondrion
These two organ systems work together to keep the body functioning.
The circulatory system and the digestive system
Responsible for getting oxygen into the body and carbon dioxide out
Respiratory System
The teeth chew food and the stomach churns food into smaller particles. What is the name of this process?
Mechanical Digestion
Essential organic micronutrients your body needs in small amounts for normal growth, metabolism, and overall health, but can't produce enough of (or at all), so must come from food
Vitamins
What three things most affect your body's ability to achieve homeostasis?
Diet, Lifestyle, and Genetics
A hole or break in the lining of the esophagus or stomach.
Ulcers
Name the 3 parts of Cell Theory
1. Cells are responsible for function and structure in all organisms.
2. All living things are made up of cells.
3. All cells reproduce from other living things.
What transports food, water, and waste materials
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
Glucose + Oxygen -> Energy + Water + Carbon Dioxide
Cellular Respiration
Releases nutrients that can be converted into energy in the bloodstream
Digestive System
Define Diet
The amount and type of food you eat every day?
Is used by the body in the form of sugar and starch. The primary energy source of the body.
Carbohydrates
The Homeostasis Feedback loop requires what three things?
Stimulus, Sensor, and a Response.
Electrical device implanted under collarbone that releases electrical charges that stimulate the heart to beat normally.
Pacemaker
Receit the "Cell Heirarchy" in order from smallest to largest
(8 total parts)
Atom, Molecule, Organelle, Cell, Tissue, Organ, System, Organism
What contains chlorophyll (green color), and helps collect sunlight for photosynthesis
Chloroplast
What are the four main parts of the circulatory system?
Heart, Arteries, Veins, and Capillaries
Transports food and gases
Circulatory System
Chemical digestion relies on this chemical to help break down your food into a liquid to more easily absorb?
Enzymes
Essential inorganic elements that your body needs for proper growth, development, and function
Minerals
Name two processes in your body that Homeostasis helps maintain
Blood Sugar, Heartrate, Water Balance, Enzyme levels, and Waste product levels
Name 3 types of Eating Disorders
Avoidant or Restrictive Food Intake, Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimic Nervosa, Binge Eating, Pica, Nocturnal Sleep-related