The
Biosphere
Terrestrial & Aquatic Ecosystems
Limiting
Factors
Evolution
Darwin's
Theory
100
The role an organisms plays in it's ecosystem, including it's predator-prey relations and trophic level.
What is a niche?
100
Three things that impact terrestrial ecosystems?
What are soil, temperature, sunlight, and available water?
100
The two types of competition?
What are Interspecific (between species) and Intraspecific (between individuals of the same species)?
100
The driving force behind evolution.
What is mutations? 100 Point Bonus: What are the three classifications of mutation?
100
Where did Darwin make some of his most important observations regarding variation among species?
What are the Galapagos Islands?
200
This region found between a pond and a field contains a high level of biodiversity.
What is an ecotone?
200
Where do we see the greatest levels of biodiversity?
What are temperate regions with high amounts of water and available nutrients? (Typically equatorial rain forests)
200
The maximum number of individuals of a species that can be sustained by the environment.
What is carrying capacity?
200
This is believed to be the most common mechanism leading to new species and involves the physical separation of populations.
What is allopatric speciation?
200
How suited an organism is to the selective pressures of it's environment.
What is fitness? Survival of the FITTEST. Not the fastest, strongest, etc....
300
Sunlight, climate, water availability, and soil pH are examples of.
What are abiotic factors?
300
The three zones of a lake?
Littoral (near the edge, complete light penetration), Limnetic (depth of light penetration), Profundal (beyond depth of light penetration)
300
The three types of symbiosis, with proper names and examples.
What are Commensalism, Mutualism, and Parasitism?
300
Features with similar structure or make up, but different uses.
What are homologous features?
300
DAILY DOUBLE (600 Points) Contrast what Lamarck and Darwin believed, using the example of elephant trucks.
Lamarck: Elephants with short trunks had to stretch to reach food during times of short supply. Over their life span their trunks became longer. Their children were born with longer trunks and the process continued over generations. Darwin: Elephants at one time had shorter trunks, natural variation meant some had longer trunks than others, these individuals were better off in times of short supply, were able to reproduce more successfully and pass on those traits. Short trunked elephants were more likely to die off.
400
Outline three ways invasive species can out compete with native organisms.
What is lack of predators, abundance of food, favourable conditions, lack of disease?
400
These are the four main ecosystems found in Alberta.
What are Taiga, Muskeg, Deciduous Forest, and Grasslands?
400
The four components of biotic potential.
What are Birth Potential, Capacity for Survival, Breeding Frequency, Length of Reproductive Life?
400
Explain biogeography and it's connection to understanding evolution? (Hint: Fossils)
The study of the distribution of species and ecosystems in geographic space and through geological time, and provides proof that communities vary in a highly regular fashion. Modern species are often found in co-location with fossils of ancestral forms. Evidence can show migrations of species over geologic time and supports theories such as continental drift.
400
These two of Darwin's ideas are demonstrated by his finches.
What is variation and survival of the fittest?
500
The levels of organization in the biosphere. (All 6)
What is individuals -> populations -> communities -> ecosystems -> biomes -> biosphere?
500
Outline the four diagnostics tests were would have performed on River Watch and why they are important?
Turbidity (the amount of particulate in the water), Dissolved Phosphates (indicates excess nutrients that can lead to eutrophication), pH (acidic or alkalinity of the water, impacts what can live there) and Dissolved Oxygen (impacts overall health of the body of water, too low and things die)
500
Compare Density-Independent Factors and Density-Dependent Factor, with two examples of each.
Density-Independent Factor - impact a population regardless of it's size..............Density-Dependent Factor - impact a population due to it's size.
500
The two classes of biological barriers that lead to speciation? (200 points) Two examples and explanations, from each class. (full points)
Prezygotic and Postzygotic........... Prezygotic: Habitat Isolation (individuals don't encounter each other), Behavioural Isolation (don't pick up the signals), Temporal Isolation (different breeding times), Mechanical Isolation (reproductive anatomy incompatibility), Gametic Isolation (incompatibility of sperm and eggs)...................... Postzygotic: Reduced Hybrid Viability (genetic incompatibility, aborts), Reduced Hybrid Fertility (first generation sterility), Hybrid Breakdown (second generation sterility).
500
Name all five points in Darwin's Theory.
What are: - variation amongst a population - overproduction - competition - survival of the fittest - speciation by adaptation
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