Unit D Test Review

DNA Structure

100

Three examples of nucleic acids

ATP, RNA, DNA

200

The three components of nucleotides

Phosphate, ribose/ deoxyribose sugar, and nitrogenous base

300

DNA in the nucleus is compacted around proteins called histones. This substance which contains DNA and proteins is called:

Chromatin

400

DNA strands run opposite to one another, meaning if one strand runs 5'-->3', the other must run 3'-->5'. This is called:

Antiparallel

500

Typically, DNA sequences with multiple G&C bonds will be more stable at higher temperatures. This is because:

G&C bonds have three H-bonds, where as A&T bonds only have 2.

Mitosis

100

TWO PARTS: 

1) This precedes mitosis.

2) This comes after mitosis.

1) Gap 2 (G₂)

2) Gap 1 (G₁)

200

In animal cells, cytokinesis starts by the formation of THIS.

Cleavage furrow.

300

During this phase of mitosis, chromatin will condense into chromosomes and move toward the center.

Prophase

400

During anaphase, sister chromatids are drawn to opposite ends of the cell by THIS STRUCTURE.

Spindle fibers

500

Human body cells have two copies of their genes, one from the mother and one from the father. In other words, they are:

Diploid

Cell Cycle

100

True or False: The cell spends the majority of its time in prophase.

False: The cell spends the majority of its time in interphase.

200

This part of the cell cycle's primary function is to create identical copies of the cell's DNA.

S phase

300

Some cells will arrest or exit the cell cycle. This phase is called:

G₀

400

Human body cells contain 46 chromosomes. After mitosis, the daughter cells will contain THIS MANY chromosomes.

Also 46

500

Genetic mutations identified during G2 of the cell cycle will induce cell death, also known as this:

Apoptosis

Enzymes

100

Without this enzyme, the cell would not be able to remove RNA primers from the template DNA strands.

Exonuclease

200

These two enzymes work together to unzip the DNA double helix.

Helicase and topoisomerase.

300

This enzyme elongates the replicated DNA strand.

DNA Polymerase III

400

In order to unzip the DNA, helicase must break H-bonds, which are not real bonds but are:

weak bonds due to electrostatic attraction.

500

The enzyme ligase will "glue" together these fragments, which are short segments on the lagging strand.

Okazaki fragments.

DNA Replication

100

The site in which helicase opens the double helix is called:

The replication fork

200

In THESE TYPES OF CELLS, replication occurs at only one origin of replication.

Prokaryotic cells

300

The 5' strand of DNA is called the lagging strand because:

DNA Pol III can only add in the 5'-->3' direction, so synthesis occurs backwards in fragments.

400

True or false: Only one RNA primer is required to begin synthesis of the lagging strand.

False: multiple primers and DNA polymerases synthesize the lagging strand in Okazaki fragments.

500

DNA Replication allows the two daughter cells to be THIS:

Genetically identical.