Jamestown
In what year was Jamestown founded?
1607
What ship brought the Pilgrims to Plymouth in 1620?
The Mayflower
Which colonies were in the New England region?
Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Connecticut, Rhode Island
What was the main purpose of colonies under mercantilism?
To benefit the mother country by providing raw materials and buying manufactured goods
Name one colonial port city that grew due to the Triangular Trade.
Boston or Newport
Name the leader who helped the colony survive by enforcing strict discipline and building trade with Native Americans.
John Smith
What was the name of the agreement signed by Pilgrims to establish self-government?
Mayflower Compact
Name one major export of the Middle Colonies.
Wheat, grain, livestock, or iron
What British laws restricted colonial trade to England only?
Navigation Acts
How did access to enslaved labor impact Southern plantations?
It allowed them to produce large quantities of cash crops at low cost
What cash crop, introduced by John Rolfe, made Jamestown profitable?
Tobacco
Which Native American acted as a translator and taught the Pilgrims how to grow crops?
Squanto
What type of colonies were ruled directly by the king through an appointed governor?
Royal Colonies
When a country exports more than it imports, it is said to have a what?
Favorable Balance of Trade
What was one way England controlled colonial trade?
Navigation Acts – colonies could only use English ships and trade with England
What were two major challenges faced by Jamestown settlers in their early years?
Starvation, disease, conflict with Native Americans
What was the first major harvest celebration in Plymouth known as?
he First Thanksgiving
What labor system brought poor Europeans to the colonies in exchange for passage?
Indentured Servitude
Name one positive and one negative effect of mercantilism for the colonies.
Positive: Military protection from England; Negative: Higher prices and restricted trade
How did the slave trade affect African kingdoms in the long term?
Political instability, dependence on European goods, increased warfare
What 1619 event marked the beginning of African slavery in Virginia?
A Dutch ship brought “twenty and odd Negroes” to the colony
Name one major difference between Plymouth and Jamestown in terms of governance.
Plymouth had self-governing majority rule without a royal charter; Jamestown had laws from England and a governor appointed by the Virginia Company
Name two Southern Colonies whose main exports were rice and indigo.
South Carolina and Georgia
Give an example of a raw material from the colonies and the finished product England made from it.
Tobacco → Cigars; Lumber → Furniture; Cotton → Clothing
How did profits from the Triangular Trade help fuel England’s Industrial Revolution?
Profits funded factories, machinery, and infrastructure