The Italian Renaissance
Italian statesman; de facto ruler of the Florentine Republic; sponsored artists such as Botticelli and Michelangelo
Lorenzo de Medici (the Magnificent)
Name two countries where the Northern Renaissance occurred.
Established the Church of England in 1534
King Henry VIII (1509-1547)
Reformation; Protestants
King who abolished the rights of the Protestant minority in France.
Louis XIV (1638-1715)
Middle Ages or Medieval Period
The Northern Renaissance was driven by this crucial invention, developed by Johannes Gutenberg
The printing press
These radical Protestants embraced adult baptism.
The Anabaptists
Ignatius of Loyola (1491-1556) established _______ in the wake of the Protestant Reformation.
The Society of Jesus, or the Jesuits
Austrian Empress who established a public school system in her realm.
Maria Theresa
A focus on worldly themes instead of religion.
Secularism
This Northern Renaissance humanist scholar advocated for using reason to interpret religious doctrine.
Desiderius Erasmus (c. 1466-1536)
This conflict proved that Luther's Reformation was a religious reform effort not a social revolutionary movement.
The German Peasants' War (1524-25)
Pope Paul III convened _________ in 1545 to assess the condition of the Catholic Church.
The Council of Trent (1545-1563)
A scholarly text arguing that absolutism alone could prevent society from lapsing into a "state of nature."
Hobbes' Leviathan (1651)
Renaissance thinkers adopted this philosophical stance, which focused on the value and potential of humanity .
Humanism
Northern Renaissance art focused on...
daily peasant life and simple pious living.
This Catholic Church practice contended that forgiveness of sins could be obtained through monetary contributions.
The sale of indulgences
Name one reform adopted at the Council of Trent.
Selling of indulgences curtailed; est. of seminaries in every diocese
This Russian monarch banned beards in their territory
Peter I
Florence thrived commercially due to its...
location on lucrative trade routes between Northern Europe and the Mediterranean
This world-altering event emerged out of the Northern Renaissance.
The Protestant Reformation
This Protestant reformer believed that God predetermined those who would be saved.
John Calvin
Which European state imprisoned Ignatius of Loyola (1491-1556) in the 1530s?
Spain
This artistic style is derived from late-Renaissance mannerism.
The Baroque