Causes of American Revolution
Definition of Navigation Acts, French and Indian War, and Treaty of Paris Proclamation Line of 1763
What is any of several acts of Parliament between 1651 and 1847 designed primarily to expand British trade and limit trade by British colonies with countries that were rivals of Great Britain?
What is the French and Indian War was the North American conflict in a larger imperial war between Great Britain and France known as the Seven Years’ War?
What is a British-produced boundary marked in the Appalachian Mountains at the Eastern Continental Divide?
Who John Locke is and how he influenced the American Revolution.
What George Mason did.
What is well-known English political philosopher, provided many Americans with the philosophical arguments for inalienable natural rights, principally those of property and of rebellion against abusive governments?
What is a call for American independence from Britain, the Virginia Declaration of Rights was drafted by George Mason in May 1776 and amended by Thomas Ludwell Lee and the Virginia Convention. Thomas Jefferson drew heavily from it when he drafted the Declaration of Independence one month later. This uniquely influential document was also used by James Madison in drawing up the Bill of Rights (1789)?
What the Articles of Confederation is?
What is
During the Revolution, the new United States needed a functioning government
Modeled after colonial governments
States would retain sovereignty
Founders were fearful of concentrated power due to past experience with the British?
Basic principles of the US Constitution
Definition of Checks and Balances
Father of the Constitution and his contributions
What is
The supreme law of the United States.
• It is the foundation and source of the legal
authority underlying the existence of the
United States of America and the Federal
Government of the United States.
• It provides the framework for the organization
of the United States Government?
What is
Popular Sovereignty
– Government power resides in
the people
• Limited government
– Government is not all powerful,
can only do what the people let
it.
• Separation of Powers
– Helps prevent one branch from
becoming too powerful
– Checks and Balances
• Federalism
– Division of power among
national and state governments?
What is counterbalancing influences by which an organization or system is regulated, typically those ensuring that political power is not concentrated in the hands of individuals or groups?
What is James Madison and the Virginia Plan, Separation of Powers, and Bill of Rights?
1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th Amendments
What is Freedom of Religion, Speech, of the Press, Assembly, and Petition?
What is Protects the people's right to bear arms?
What is No soldier can be quartered in a home without the permission of the owner?
What is Prohibits unreasonable searches and seizures and sets out requirements for search warrants based on probable cause?
What is Protects rights of due process and the right to remain silent ("plead the 5th"), double jeopardy?
What is search warrants that allowed British officials to search any place and seize anything at any time that are designed to crack down on colonial smuggling?
What is place the colonies under strict British political and economic control, make the colonies respect and obey British laws, and make the colonies pay their part in maintaining the British Empire?
What is a tax passed by the British Parliament in 1764 raising duties on foreign refined sugar imported by the colonies so as to give British sugar growers in the West Indies a monopoly on the colonial market?
The parts of the Declaration of Independence
What the preamble is.
What is Preamble, Part I (Natural Rights of Man), Part II (List of Grievances), and Part III (Announcement of Separation)?
What is introduction explaining to the world the reasons why they are separating from Britain?
How the Articles of Confederation was a limited government?
What is
Articles established a “firm league of friendship” among the states
Bills were passed on nine of thirteen votes
Amending the Articles took unanimous consent of the states?
Why the Constitution was written?
What Shay's Rebellion is.
When the Constitution was written?
What is
After the Revolutionary War, the Articles of
Confederation set up the structure of the US
Government.
• The federal government was extremely weak
and this created many problems such as:
1. No separation of powers – only unicameral
legislature.
2. Weak central government – states had most power.
3. Congress did not have the power to tax – this means
they could not get their finances in order
4. In order to change the Articles, all thirteen states had to
approve of the changes. This made it essentially
impossible to make any changes.
5. For any major laws to pass they had to be approved by 9
or the 13 states which was difficult.
6. Congress did not have the power to regulate commerce which caused competition between states. It also caused diplomatic issues when states refused to pay for goods their received from other nations?
What is
An uprising of farmers in
Massachusetts – led by
Daniel Shays.
– Helped convince leaders
that a strong central
government was
needed?
What is May 25th to September 17th, 1787
• Philadelphia
• Intention was to revise Articles of Confederation
• Ended up replacing the Articles and creating a new
government
• Called the “Constitutional Convention.”?
6th, 7th, 8th, 9th, and 10th amendments
What is The right to a fair and speedy trial by a jury of one's peers; to have witnesses and to give a defense?
What is The right to a trial by jury in civil cases for amounts of $20 or more?
What is Prohibits excessive bail, excessive fines, and cruel and unusual punishments?
What is People have other rights not specifically stated in the Constitution?
What is Gives all powers not specifically given to the United States government in the Constitution, to either the states or to the people?
Definition of Quartering Act, Stamp Act, and the British responses to the Stamp Act
What is law imposed by Britain on the colonies requiring them to house troops?
What is a tax on all documents, newspapers, and playing cards by forcing colonists to get a stamp on them?
What is Parliament repealed the Stamp Act and passed the Declaratory Act?
What Part I (Natural Rights of Man) says.
What is
stresses the rights that belong to all people from birth
“Unalienable rights”= rights that can’t be taken away
Famous Quotes: “All men are created equal”, “life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.”
People set up governments to protect these rights. People can change the government if it isn’t protecting them?
The Structure of government under the Articles of Confederation.
What is
Unicameral (single house) legislative body
Each state had one vote regardless of population size
Congress given sole authority to govern the country
An executive committee oversaw government when Congress was not in session
Congress would establish temporary courts to hear disputes among the states
Important Outcomes of the Constitutional Convention.
Ratification Debate
Federalists V. Anti-Federalists
Ratification of the Constitution
What is
Virginia Plan:
– Separation of powers
– Bicameral legislature
based on population
– Federal government had
increased powers
• New Jersey Plan:
– Unicameral legislature
where every state
received equal
representation.
Great Compromise:
– Hybrid of VA and NJ
Plans:
• Bicameral legislature:
– House of Reps based on
population
– Senate based upon
equal representation
– Three-Fifth’s Clause:
• Slaves count as 3/5’s of a
person for representation
purposes?
What is
Needed 9 of 13 states to ratify or official approve of
the Constitution before it went into effect.
• A huge debate emerged between two sides:
– Federalists
– Anti-Federalists?
What is
Federalists:
– Supported the
Constitution and a
strong central
government
– Alexander Hamilton,
James Madison, John Jay
– Federalist Papers –
series of articles written
in defense of the
Constitution
Anti-Federalists:
– Supported a weaker
central government –
felt too much power was
taken away from the
states
– Opposed the
Constitution
– Wanted a Bill of Rights
included
– Samuel Adams, Patrick
Henry?
Officially adopted after
ratified by New
Hampshire.
• Once the new
government convened,
they added a Bill of
Rights to the
Constitution.
11th, 12th, 13th, 14th, & 15th amendments
What is Determines when and if a state can be sued; states cannot be sued by people from other states or by foreigners?
What is The Electoral College must vote for the President and the Vice President separately?
What is Abolished slavery and involuntary servitude?
What is Makes anyone born on US soil a citizen and guarantees equal protection under the law?
What is Gave all men the right to vote regardless of race or color or whether they had been slaves?
Definition of Townshend Acts, Boston Massacre, and Committees of Correspondence
What is a tax on goods such as paper, glass, paint, and tea?
What is a confrontation on March 5, 1770 in which British soldiers shot and killed several people while being harassed by a mob in Boston?
What is shadow governments organized by the Patriot leaders of the Thirteen Colonies on the eve of the American Revolution?
What Part II (List of Grievances) says.
What Part III (Announcement of Separation says.
What is
A list of the 27 wrongs done to the 13 colonies by the British government
Divided into three sets:
- King’s unjust use of power
- Unjust acts of Parliament
- Warlike acts of the king?
What is
As representatives of the U.S., they declare that they are free and independent states
No longer loyal to the king
The signers promise their “lives, fortunes, and sacred honor?"
Powers granted to government under the Articles of Confederation.
Powers Denied to Government
Declare war and make peace
Make treaties with foreign countries
Establish an army and navy
Appoint high-ranking military officials
Requisition, print, and borrow money
Establish weights and measures
Hear disputes among the states related to trade or boundaries?
No power to raise funds for an army or navy
No power to tax, impose tariffs, or collect duties
No executive branch to enforce laws
No power to control trade among the states
No power to force states to honor obligations
No power to regulate the value of currency?
Structure of the Constitution.
Article I Legislative Branch
Article II Executive Branch
Article III Judicial Branch
What is
Preamble:
– Statement of purpose
• Articles:
– I: Legislative Branch
– II: Executive Branch
– III: Judicial Branch
– IV: Relations Among the
States
– V: Amendment Process
– VI: Federal Power
– VII: Ratification
• Amendments:
– 27 Total
– 1st ten are the Bill of Rights?
What is
Bicameral:
– Senate
• 2 Senators for each state
– House of
Representatives
• Based on population
• Reps serve for 2 year
terms
• Senators serve for 6
year terms?
Important Powers:
– Make laws
– Set taxes
– Declare war
– Override Vetoes
– Borrow money
– Regulate international
and national trade
– Print money?
What is
President and Vice
President are elected to
4 year terms
• Qualifications:
– At least 35 years old
– 14 year resident of the
US
– Natural born citizen
• Elected by the Electoral
College
Important powers:
– Commander-in-Chief
– Grant pardons
– Make treaties
– Appoint federal officers
– Ensure laws are
executed?
What is
Supreme Court judges
serve for life unless
impeached.
• Judicial power rests
with US Supreme Court
and other courts
created by Congress
Important Powers:
– Decides cases of
Constitutional law and
federal law
– Cases involving
ambassadors go straight
to Supreme Court
– Judicial Review comes
later (1803 – Marbury v.
Madison)?
16th, 17th, 18th, 19th, & 20th amendments
What is Created an income tax and gave the Federal government the power to collect it?
What is Creates the direct election by the people of Senators?
What is Prohibition of the drinking, manufacture, and sale of alcohol?
What is Gave women the right to vote?
What is Gives details on the terms of office for Congress and President; shortens "lame duck" period (time between election and inauguration)?
Definition of Tea Act, Boston Tea Party, Intolerable Acts, First Continental Congress.
Occurred on April 19, 1775
What is a tax on tea?
What is a series of British measures passed in 1774 and designed to punish the Massachusetts colonists for the Boston Tea Party?
What is
meeting of delegates from twelve of the thirteen colonies that met on September 5 to October 26, 1774 at Carpenters' Hall in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, early in the American Revolution. It was called in response to "The passage of the Coercive Acts" by the British Parliament. Governing body by which the American colonial governments coordinated their resistance to British rule during the first two years of the American Revolution?
What is Parliament repealed the Townshend Acts except for the tax on tea and allowed the East India Company to sell tea without the tax to make it cheaper?
Who the Committee of Five is.
Significance of July 2.
Significance of July 4
What is Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Franklin, Robert Livingston, Roger Sherman, and John Adams?
What is voted to be independent?
What is adopted the document (DOI)?
Accomplishments of the Articles of Confederation
Problems facing the new nation
What is Administered the seven-year war effort
Negotiated the Treaty of Paris with Britain in 1783
Established the Northwest Ordinance of 1787?
What is Trade with foreign nations
Financing the nation
Foreign relations
Interstate relations?
Other important articles
Important Amendments: Bill of Rights
Other Important Amendments
What is
Article V: Amendments:
– Amendments are proposed
when 2/3 of House and
Senate deem it necessary
– Amendments are proposed
when 2/3 of states deem it
necessary
– Amendments must be
ratified by 3⁄4 of state
legislatures or by
conventions in 3⁄4 of states
Article VI: Federal Power
– Supremacy Clause: Federal
law is supreme to state law
– No religious tests for public
office?
What is
1. Freedom of religion, of
speech, of the press, to
assemble, and to petition
2. Right to bear arms
3. No quartering of soldiers
4. No unreasonable search and
seizure
5. Indictments; Due process;
Self-incrimination; Double
jeopardy, and rules for
Eminent Domain.
Right to a fair and speedy
public trial, Notice of
accusations, Confronting
one's accuser, Subpoenas,
Right to counsel
7. Right to trial by jury in civil
cases
8. No excessive bail & fines or
cruel & unusual punishment
9. There are other rights not
written in the Constitution
10. All rights not given to Federal
Government belong to states
and people.
13th Amendment
– abolished slavery
• 14th Amendment
– Due process and equal protection under the law
– All persons born in US are citizens
• 15th Amendment
– Right to vote regardless of race, color, or previous
servitude
18th Amendment
– Prohibition of alcohol
• 19th Amendment:
– Women’s suffrage
• 21st Amendment:
– Repeals prohibition
• 22nd Amendment:
– Presidential term limits
• 24th Amendment:
– Prohibits poll taxes for voting
• 26th Amendment:
– lowers voting age to 18
21st, 22nd, 23rd, 24th, 25th, 26th, and 27th amendments
What is Repealed the 18th amendment (prohibition)?
What is Limits the president to two terms in office (or 10 years)?
What is Gave Washington, D.C. representatives in the electoral college so that citizens of D.C. could participate in the electoral process, even though it is not an official state?
What is Prohibited the poll tax?
What is Explains what happens when the President dies or is unable to continue in office (Succession)?
What is Sets the national voting age at 18, cannot be set any higher?
What is Any changes in Congressional salaries will take place after the next term starts?