Living and Non-Living Things
What are non-living things?
Things that are made up of inorganic matter.
What is a eukaryotic cell?
In this cell, the genetic material is protected by a double membrane that separates it from the cytoplasm. They are more complex than prokaryotic cells. Animal and plant cells are eukaryotic cells.
Nutrition enables living things to ___.
Obtain energy to stay alive (through the breakdown or decomposition of substances).
Please describe the protist kingdom.
Eukaryotic organisms. They can be unicellular OR multicellular. Can be autotrophs that perform photosynthesis such as algae, or heterotrophs such as protozoans. Only some can move on their own.
What is taxonomy?
The science of classifying organisms in a hierarchical system of classification; grouping living things together based on their common characteristics.
Carbon (C), hydrogen (H), oxygen (O), and nitrogen (N).
What is a prokaryotic cell?
The most simple type of cell. They do not have a defined nucleus and the DNA is dispersed in the cytoplasm.
Living things release energy from food through ___. The process through which living things remove waste materials is ___.
Respiration, excretion.
Please describe the monera kingdom.
Please define "species."
A group of organisms that resemble each other and can reproduce with one another as well as have fertile descendants, which means that they will produce offspring.
What are living things?
Organisms that are made up of the same chemical elements/bioelements to make organic, living matter- which only living things have.
What specific organelles do plant and animal cells have separately?
Animal cells have centrosomes, while plant cells have cell walls and chloroplasts.
____ is the ability of living things to obtain information about changes in their environment and their own organism- and to adapt to these changes.
Sensitivity or Interaction.
Please describe the animal kingdom.
Animals are eukaryotic, multicellular organisms. They are heterotrophs. They reproduce sexually and, in some cases, asexually. They have sense organs and can move around.
What system of classification do we use today to classify living things?
What organic matter is made with biomolecules?
Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
What are unicellular and multicellular organisms?
Unicellular: organisms made up of only one cell. Protozoans, yeasts, and bacteria are all unicellular.
Multicellular: organisms made up of a large number of cells. Plants, animals, and some fungi are multicellular.
Please identify the two types of reproduction and explain them.
Asexual reproduction: when a single living thing reproduces itself. Often done by binary fission, when a parent cell divides into two other cells.
Sexual reproduction: requires two individuals of different sexes. They produce cells called gametes, which join together to produce offspring with traits from their parents.
Please describe the plant kingdom.
Plants are eukaryotic, multicellular beings. They are autotrophs and carry out photosyntesis. They can move, but generally not from one place to the other. Plants can be flowering or non-flowering.
Please list the seven taxonomic levels in order from largest to smallest.
Kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species.
Please identify the characteristics of living things.
1.) Be composed of organic and inorganic matter.
2.) Be made up of small units called cells.
3.) Perform the seven life processes (nutrition, reproduction, sensitivity, movement, respiration, growth, and excretion).
4.) Respond to/adapt to changes in the environment.
Please draw a picture of a plant cell and identify its parts.
Please identify and define the two types of nutrition.
Autotrophic nutrition: organisms that get their energy from their environment and use it to transform inorganic substances (water, minerals, carbon dioxide) into organic matter. This requires energy which is required through light. This process is called photosynthesis.
Heterotrophic nutrition: Organisms that cannot produce their own food, they feed on other living things. They depend on autotrophs and other heterotrophs to get the nutrients they need. They obtain energy from eating plants, eating other animals, eating both plants and animals, and obtaining nutrients from dead organic matter.
Please describe the fungi kingdom.
Fungi are eukaryotic organisms, they can be unicellular or multicellular. They are heterotrophs, can reproduce sexually and asexually, and cannot move from one place to the other.
What is an endemic species?
A species that can only be found in one place and nowhere else in the world. They are often endangered.