Greek-ish People
Dubbed the "Father of History," this Greek historian chronicled the Greco-Persian Wars in his seminal work, "Histories."
Herodotus
In this type of government, power is vested in a single ruler, often passed down through a hereditary line.
Monarchy
This term refers to the independent city-states of ancient Greece, each with its own government and laws.
Polis
This famous general nearly toppled the Roman Republic in the 3rd Century BCE when he invaded Italy of an army of thousands of troops and close to four dozen elephants
Hannibal Barca
In the Roman Republic, these elected officials held executive authority and were responsible for leading the state and commanding the army.
Consul
The Persian king who led a massive invasion of Greece, including the famous battles of Thermopylae and Salamis, was named this.
Xerxes
This form of government in ancient Greece was characterized by rule by a privileged class of noble families.
Aristocracy
This term describes a leader who seizes power through force and maintains it through oppression and control.
Tyrant
Following the demise of the Roman Republic, this adopted son of Julius Caesar became the first emperor of Rome, ushering in the Pax Romana.
Octavian "Augustus" Caesar
The primary military unit of the Roman army, typically consisting of around 5,000 heavily armed infantry soldiers, was called this.
Legion
This ancient Greek, known for his method of questioning, famously declared, "I know that I know nothing."
Socrates
This type of government is based on divine authority, where religious leaders rule in the name of the gods.
Theocracy
This tightly packed formation of foot soldiers armed with spears and shields was the hallmark of Greek warfare.
Hoplites or Phalanx
This last active ruler of the Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt was famously involved in a romantic and political alliance with Julius Caesar and later Marc Antony.
Cleopatra VII Thea Philopator
During times of crisis, the Roman Republic could appoint a single leader with absolute authority, known as this.
Dictator
This Athenian historian wrote the "History of the Peloponnesian War," offering a detailed and analytical account of the conflict.
Thucydides
The system of government in which citizens have a direct say in decision-making is known by this term.
Democracy
Slaves/Peasants/Serfs owned by the Spartan State.
Helots
According to Christian tradition, this man from Cyrene was compelled to carry the cross of Jesus during his crucifixion.
Simon
A series of wars, from 264 BCE to 146 BCE that determined Rome to be the main hegemonic power in the Mediterranean.
The Punic Wars
Regarded as one of the greatest thinkers in Western philosophy, this philosopher was the tutor of Alexander the Great.
Aristotle
This term refers to a state of lawlessness or chaos, where there is no established authority or government.
Anarchy
A Greek graveyard
Necopolis
Formerly known by a Jewish name. This person from the city of Tarsus converted to Christianity and became known for spreading the teachings of Jesus throughout the Mediterranean. Arguably the single most successful early Christian missionary. His letters are still read and studied by Christians today.
Paul of Damascus
A significant Roman invention that carried water from one place to another.
Aqueduct