Enlightenment
What is a central idea of the Enlightenment?
Use of reason (Not Spiritual) would lead to human progress
What led to the beginning of the French Revolution?
Ideas of the Enlightenment
Inequalities in the tax structure
Third Estate demand for more political power
What 18th century world events inspired the 19th century Latin American revolution?
Enlightenment, American Revolution, and French Revolution
Which geographic features hindered Bolivar’s ability to unify South America?
Andes Mountains
Amazon Rainforest
How did the unification efforts of Bismarck different from that of Cavour/Garibaldi?
Bismarck- Blood & Iron
Cavour/Garibaldi- Diplomacy
How was the Enlightenment a turning point for natural rights?
Citizens of nations began to demand for political rights and demand their natural rights be met
Natural Rights- Life, Liberty, and Property
In what ways did the policies of Louis XVI lead to the French Revolution?
Inadequate/Corrupt policies caused lower class discontent
Called Estates General into session
Tennis Court Oath
Storming of the Bastille
On what continents did revolutions take place that inspired the Latin American revolutions?
North America and Europe
How could you describe the views of Olympe de Gouges & Mary Wollstonecraft?
Pushed for the equality of women
What took place at the Congress of Vienna?
Attempted to restore monarchs to power in Europe
Balance of power
Who was John Locke? How was he an influential philosopher of the Enlightenment?
Enlightenment philosopher
Believed in the idea of natural rights – Life, Liberty, and Property
Who was Maximillian Robespierre? Why is he considered a radical leader in world history
Robespierre was the leader of the Reign of Terror.
How were individuals like Simon Bolivar and Toussaint L’Ouverture similar?
led liberation movements
How did Baron de Montesquieu believe government should be structured? Why?
3 Branches of Government
Prevent Tyranny
How were Robespierre and Louis XVI similar?
Each were removed from power and beheaded
According to Enlightenment philosophers like Locke and Rousseau, where does government derive its power from?
From the consent of the governed (The People)
Against absolute monarchy as this prevent the people from participating in gov’t
How did the climate of Russia impact the invasion of Napoleon?
geographic size and winter conditions led to his defeat
What events led to the Haitian revolution led by Toussaint L’Ouverture?
The institution of slavery led to a successful slave revolt in Haiti
Encouraged by enlightenment ideas
How did events like the Enlightenment and the French Revolution change the status people?
Move from subjects to citizens (Voice in gov’t)
Which event during the French Revolution was considered radical?
Reign of Terror
Who wrote the following texts and what were the main ideas behind each: Two Treatises of Government- The Social Contract- The Spirit of the Laws
Two Treatises of Government-
Locke- Government based on consent of the people- Natural Rights for citizens
The Social Contract
Rousseau’s- People and government live together by a contract-
The Spirit of the Laws
Montesquieu- Established framework for government
How could you describe the Napoleonic Code?
The code banned privileges based on birth
Allowed freedom of religion
Government jobs should go to the most qualified.
What were the effects of the Latin American revolution movements?
Gained independence
Lower classes remained under oppression
Why were individuals like Cavour and Bismarck notable figures in history?
Used nationalism to unify their countries
According to John Locke, what is the chief role of government?
To protect the natural rights of the people (Citizens)- Life, Liberty, and Property