Macromolecules (Ch.5)
The reaction that breaks down polymers into monomers by consuming water.
Hydrolysis
The type of covalent bond forming the repeating sugar-phosphate backbone of DNA.
Phosphodiester linkage
The enzyme that seals nicks in the sugar-phosphate backbone between Okazaki fragments.
DNA Ligase
The central dogma statement describing the path of genetic information.
DNA ->RNA -> Protein
Why lipids are not considered true polymers.
They are not composed of repeating, covalently bonded identical monomer chains
Phenomenon Griffith observed when harmless rough bacteria turned deadly in the presence of heat-killed smooth cells.
Bacterial Transformation
Why the lagging strand must be synthesized discontinuously in Okazaki fragments.
Bacterial Transformation
Three post-transcriptional mRNA modifications required in eukaryotes before nuclear export.
5' methyl cap, 3' poly-A tail, and intron splicing by spliceosomes.
Name the three structural components of every nucleotide monomer.
Pentose sugar, nitrogenous base, and phosphate group
Explain what "antiparallel" means regarding a DNA double helix.
The two strands run in opposite directions: one 5' -> 3', the other 3' -> 5'
The experimental model supported by Meselson and Stahl, showing each daughter DNA has 1 old and 1 new strand.
Semiconservative replication model
The term explaining why a tRNA can recognize multiple codons that differ at the 3rd nucleotide base.
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