Founding Documents
What Enlightenment thinker inspired the idea of natural rights?
John Locke
What compromise resolved the dispute over representation between large and small states?
Federalism
What clause in the Constitution says federal law is supreme over state law?
Supremacy Clause
What case established judicial review?
Marbury v. Madison
Who is considered the “Father of the Constitution”?
James Madison
Which document created the first government of the United States?
Articles of Confederation
What principle ensures that no branch of government becomes too powerful?
Checks and balances
What type of powers are listed for Congress in Article I?
Enumerated Powers
What case expanded federal power under the Commerce Clause?
Gibbon vs Ogden
What group wanted a Bill of Rights added to the Constitution?
Anti-Federalists
What was the main purpose of the Declaration of Independence?
To explain/justify separation from Britain
What is required to amend the Constitution?
2/3 of Congress, 3/4 of states
What event showed the weakness of the Articles and the need for a stronger federal government?
Shays Rebellion
What case reinforced federal power over states using the Necessary and Proper Clause?
McCulloch vs Maryland
What type of democracy emphasizes broad participation in policymaking?
Participatory Democracy
What weakness of the Articles of Confederation was fixed by the Constitution regarding taxes?
Congress gained power to tax
Which branch interprets the Constitution?
Judicial Branch
What are powers given exclusively to the states called?
Reserved Powers
What case reinforced federal power over states using the Necessary and Proper Clause?
Necessary/ Proper Clause
What is one key argument from Federalist No. 10?
Factions are unavoidable but controllable
What compromise resolved the disagreements over representation between large and small states?
The Great Connecticut Compromise
What concept describes the people as the ultimate source of government power?
Popular Sovereignty
What constitutional principle was strengthened by the Supreme Court in McCulloch v. Maryland?
Implied Powers
What case ruled that Congress cannot commandeer state officials to enforce federal laws?
Printz vs United States
What key check does the President have over Congress?
Veto Power