Pre-1492 Interconnectedness
This trade route facilitated the spread of the Black Death from Asia to Europe, with infected travelers and goods contributing to the pandemic.
The Silk Road
What religious groups coexisted in Al-Andalus?
Muslims, Jews, and Christians
In 1492, this Genoese navigator, sponsored by Spain, crossed the Atlantic and landed in what he thought was the East Indies, opening the Americas to European exploration.
Chistopher Columbus
What is Humanism?
This concept, central to Renaissance thought, focused on the potential of humans to achieve greatness through education, reason, and creativity.
Name three big events that happened in 1492 in Spain.
-Fall of Grenada, completion of the Reconquista
-Columbus sails to the Caribbean
-Expulsion of the Jews of Spain
These Christian campaigns aimed to reclaim holy lands from Islamic rule and led to increased interactions between Europe and the Middle East.
The Crusades
What do you call the process of expansion of the Christian kingdoms to the south?
Reconquista
This Spanish conquistador led the expedition that brought down the Aztec Empire in present-day Mexico, defeating Montezuma II.
Hernan Cortes
This council, convened between 1545 and 1563, aimed to reform the Catholic Church and address the challenges posed by the Protestant Reformation.
Council of Trent
This system of transatlantic trade involved the exchange of enslaved people, goods, and raw materials between Europe, Africa, and the Americas.
Triangular Trade
Under this sultan, the Mali Empire reached its height, famously known for his pilgrimage to Mecca and for bringing gold to the Mediterranean.
Mansa Musa
What is the name for independent Muslim kingdoms after the fall of the Caliphate of Cordoba?
Taifas
What are some diseases that Europeans brought to the Americas?
Smallpox, Influenza, Yellow Fever, and Malaria
This doctrine, promoted by Martin Luther, emphasized that salvation comes through faith alone, rather than good works or the purchase of indulgences.
Sola Fide
This Italian polymath, known for works like The Last Supper and Mona Lisa, epitomized the Renaissance ideal of the "universal man."
Leonardo da Vinci
This empire’s Pax ______, a period of peace and stability, allowed for safe trade and travel across Eurasia in the 13th and 14th centuries.
Mongol Empire
In Al-Andalus people from different religions lived in peaceful coexistence. What restrictions did the non-Muslims have?
(Bonus points if you know the name for these peoples)
-They couldn't have authority over the Muslims.
-They had to pay special taxes.
-They had to wear a special badge.
-They had to obey Muslim laws.
-They couldn’t carry weapons.
This Spanish system of labor was intended to reward conquistadors with control over indigenous workers but often led to widespread abuse and exploitation.
Encomienda System
This city-state, home to figures like Dante, Petrarch, and Boccaccio, became a cultural center during the Italian Renaissance.
Florence, Italy
This wealthy banking family from Florence was a major patron of the arts and supported figures like Michelangelo, Leonardo, and Botticelli.
The Medici
These two travelers, one a Venetian in China and one a Moroccan across the Islamic world, both wrote influential travel accounts that increased European interest in Asia.
Marco Polo and Ibn Battuta
This North African Berber dynasty replaced the Almoravids and established a powerful empire in Al-Andalus during the 12th century, promoting a more orthodox form of Islam and overseeing a period of both cultural and military consolidation.
the Almohads
Name three different indigenous communities colonized by the Spanish.
Taino, Aztecs, Incas
In 1440, this German inventor developed the movable-type printing press, revolutionizing the spread of knowledge during the Renaissance.
Johannes Gutenberg
This female Indigenous interpreter and advisor played a crucial role in Cortés’ conquest of the Aztecs.
Malitzin (Dona Maria or La Malinche)