SOCIAL
Name the predominant social class in Song China
600-1200
-Scholar Gentry
-Confucian Scholars/principles
-Bureaucratic officials.
How did the emperor justify his rule
-Mandate of Heaven
-Confucian principles
-Filial Piety
-Meritocracy through the civil service exam
What could be harvested twice a year in Song China?
-Champa Rice & Green Lentils
(Able to be grown in lowlands, hills, and riverbanks and was drought resistant in winters)
What trade route facilitated religions across Song China? What religions?
The Silk Road diffused Buddhism, Daoism, and Hinduism.
Different types of Buddhism were established: Theravada, Mahayana, and Tibetan Buddhism
Sinification effecting: Korea, Vietnam, and Japan
Song Dynasty's economy was based on
- Grand Canal
- Silk Road
- Patriarchal Societies
- Women's role in families
How did the Incas and Aztecs establish their rule in the regions of their empire?
- City states
Aztec and Incan pattern of settlement
Aztec: island on a swamp
Incas: mountains/ high elevations
both served as natural protection
Belief systems of the Aztecs
-Believed human sacrifices was atonement for human sins.
Name forms of the Aztecs economic system
-Tribute system
-The Pochetua
System used by the Incas for public service
Mit'a System
How was the tribute system used in the Americans regulated?
-Human sacrifices were encouraged by priests
-The Aztecs had different religious leaders governing each province/city-state
-Incas used a bureaucracy for one priest to control one of the many provinces.
Aztec and Inca interactions with the environment
Aztecs: chinampas, temples, pyramids, & aquaducts
Incas: terraces, bridges, roads
Belief systems of the Incas
-Polytheistic but their main god was Inti, the Sun god.
-Priests were able to determine the gods' will and directed human sacrifices
-Animism.
Incan economic system
-Mit'a system
Name Feudal's Japan's social classes.
Social System H-L Samurai, Farmers, Artisans, Merchants
Farmers and peasants considered higher in social class because they grew the rice as source of wealth
Daimyo's the feudal lords are the ruling class
- Uncentralized government fueled by different daimyos and shoguns.
-Hereditary rule
Shogun and Daimyo Conflict of ruling classes over feudal system led to conflicts.
Name One Interaction with the Environment in Feudal Japan
The clearing of forests allowed Daimyo's to have peasants work more on large rice fields
The clearing of forests caused deforestation for producing more wood housing of feudal lords.
What was the cultural significance of Feudal Japan
When shoguns were disloyal to daimyo's they must commit Opeka (Japanese Suicide)
Shinto religion originated by Japanese the belief in spirits and nature
Later rejected Buddhist Monks to Preserve Shinto religion influence
Economic system of Feudal Japan
-Taxed rice (Coco on rice)
-International trade with Portugues merchants
-Fisheries/ports
-Silk, yarn, and silver in exchange for European firearms such as muskets.
How did Mongol expansion impact social distinctions in Russia & Baghdad
-The Mongols were egalitarian and valued meritocracy (lower working class)
Name the four khanates after Genghis Khan's death.
- Golden Horde
-Il-Khanate
-Changatai Khanate
-Yuan Dynasty
List Mongol interaction with the environment
Mongols took over the vast majority of Asia, and interaction with fleas led to them carrying the Bubonic Plague across trade routes, namely the Silk Road, and killed 90% of the peasant population.
Mongol influence on culture
-Religiously tolerant: Islam, Christianity, Judaism, Buddhism, and Hinduism.
Manners the Mongols affected trade
-Revitalized the Silk Roads
-Bronze medallion/passport
-Diffused technology by being a singular political entity (paper money/flying cash from the Song)