Heat
Heat index
A reservoir drying up is an example of __________ drought.
hydrological
True or false: A correct statement to address climate change impacts on heat waves is: "Due to our weather model's ability to recreate this heat wave, we attribute this extreme event to global warming."
False, more information is needed to address whether or not this event would have happened under "normal conditions" or only under global warming. it may be more likely to happen, but if so, this conclusion is not conclusive to whether it was due to it.
In general, climate change is making extreme heat _________ likely and extreme cold ________ likely.
more ; less
The urban heat island effect; redlining in the 1930s.
Two mechanisms for forming precipitation are [convergence or divergence] and [upslope or downslope] winds.
convergence ; upslope
True or false: A location in a drought is more susceptible to floods.
True. Drier soil leads to worse floods when it rains
We expect that the Arctic sea ice extent will ________ because of climate change, leading to _________ in sea level.
decrease ; no change
Vegetation has a _______ albedo than most developed surfaces, but it leads to a local cooling because of _________ .
lower ; evapotranspiration
Windward
True or false: When air descends, it tends to be drier, with less precipitation.
true. rising air leads to condensation, and precipitation
The consensus is that climate change will intensify the water cycle, making wet seasons wetter and dry seasons drier. If this is the consensus, why is it so hard to project future trends in floods and droughts?
direct = heat stroke
indirect = pollution, heart/lung problems, increased likelihood for drought/fire
Rising motion in the Hadley circulation is located at the __________ . Sinking motion in the Hadley circulation is located at the __________ .
Intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) ; horse latitudes
True or false: Upper level air convergences at the Tropic of Cancer, leading to the formation of an equatorial cloud band called the ITCZ.
False. while upper level air converges at about 30 degrees N/S (at the tropics of cancer and capricorn), this does not lead to cloud formation. The ITCZ is at the equator, and forms due to lower level convergence of winds forcing rising air.
What is the procedure for conducting an extreme-event attribution study?
run thousands of simulations with/without present-day GHG concentrations; determine how more likely event was relative to pre-industrial age
Humid areas experience cooler summer days than dry areas because of _______ . However, humid areas experience warmer summer nights than dry areas because of ________ .
evaporative cooling ; water vapor's greenhouse effect
What are the three main contributors to monsoon rainfall?
(1) movement of the ITCZ, (2) differential heating of land and ocean, (3) orographic lift (upslope winds)
True or false: Condensation occurs when the temperature of water vapor is the same temperature of the ambient environment.
True. Not on test. Just a bonus