Oceans: Sea Level Rise
Places that are most vulnerable to sea level rise are experiencing [subsidence; uplift] and have [shallow; steep] coastlines.
subsidence; shallow
The pH of the ocean is currently [increasing; decreasing] because of [increases in temperature; increases in CO2].
decreasing; increases in CO2
As temperatures rise, marine biomass is expected to [increase; decrease] in the tropics, [increase; decrease] at high latitudes, and [increase; decrease] globally.
An increase in CO2 alone would be expected to lead to an [increase; decrease] in crop yields due to enhanced [photosynthesis; precipitation]
increase; photosynthesis
The rate of global sea level rise is currently [constant; increasing; decreasing] primarily because of [thermal expansion of seawater; melting of glaciers and ice sheets; changes in land water storage].
increasing; melting of glaciers and ice sheets
Coral bleaching occurs because [they are evolving to reflect more sunlight; colorful algae are expelled]. This occurs in response to [ocean acidification; ocean heating].
colorful algae are expelled; ocean heating
For most insects, warmer temperatures will lead to a range [shift; contraction; expansion].
expansion
Increased temperatures will generally lead to [increased; decreased] crop yields in the tropics. This is because these regions will experience more frequent temperatures that [enhance rates of photosynthesis; are above the threshold for crops to grow].
decreased; are above the threshold for crops to grow
If Greenland's ice sheet collapses, Miami's sea level rise will be [more than; less than; the same as] if West Antarctica's ice sheet collapses. This is because of [gravitational changes; glacial isostatic adjustment; changes in ocean circulation].
less than; gravitational changes
Anomalously warm sea surface temperatures in the central Pacific are characteristic of a(n) [El Niño; La Niña; neutral] phase of ENSO. This pattern is associated with trade winds that are [stronger than; weaker than; the same as] normal.
El Niño; weaker than
Suppose a bird species has advanced its migration date by 4 days because of warming, but its two primary sources of nectar have advanced their first flowering dates by 8 days. This is an example of [range contraction; phenological mismatch; evolution].
phenological mismatch
Maize is projected to be [more; less] nutritious in 2050 primarily due increases in [temperature; CO2]
less; CO2
New York was on the edge of an ice sheet during the last ice age. So, you can infer that New York is currently experiencing [uplift; subsidence], which is [increasing; decreasing] the local effects of sea level rise.
subsidence; increasing
It is very likely that ENSO rainfall variability will [stay the same; decrease; increase] as the climate warms.
increase
Some organisms in the tropics are especially vulnerable because of [limitations in range shifts; phenological mismatch; they are not used to temperature extremes]. Some organisms at high latitudes are especially vulnerable because of [limitations in range shifts; phenological mismatch; they are not used to temperature extremes].
they are not used to temperature extremes; limitations in range shifts
Changes in monsoon rainfall in Indonesia due to El Niño [increase; decrease] rice crop yields by [increasing the total amount of rainfall for the season; preventing farmers from harvesting two crops per year].
decrease; preventing farmers from harvesting two crops per year