Agriculture
The nutritional content for wheat, rice, soybean, and maize is expected to [increase; decrease] as CO2 concentration increases.
Decrease in nutritional content (e.g., zinc, iron, protein)
Riding a bike instead of driving is an example of climate [mitigation; adaptation], while planting trees for shade is an example of climate [mitigation; adaptation]
Mitigation (attacks the source of the problem, e.g. carbon emissions causing CC) and adaptation (how we deal with the problem, e.g. how we adapt to CC effects).
What is meant by "phenological mismatch"?
Phenological Mismatch refers to an asynchronous shift in the timing of when food and habitat are available
(phenology is the pattern of seasonal lifecycle events for plants and animals)
Which of these atmospheric greenhouse gases is responsible for ocean acidification? [Carbon dioxide; methane; ozone]
Carbon dioxide
Agricultural yields are expected to decrease at [low; high] latitudes, i.e., regions where there is [low; high] food insecurity.
low; high
What are the two categories of geoengineering techniques?
Carbon dioxide removal and solar radiation management strategies
Several Mid-Atlantic fish species have been found to have moved poleward and to deeper waters. What type of population shift/change is this [e.g. range/timing/characteristics]?
Range
It is very likely that ENSO rainfall variability will [stay the same; decrease; increase] as the climate warms.
increase
[Animal products; Vegetables] lead to more greenhouse gas emissions because they release methane directly into the atmosphere.
animal products; need to manage land and grow crops for livestock, plus cows emit methane directly
Stabilizing CO₂ emissions is [sufficient / insufficient] to stop global warming because we [would / would not] continue increasing atmospheric CO₂ levels.
False. With stable emissions, we would still be adding CO2 to the atmosphere and increasing concentrations, thus further contributing to warming
In what direction along (a) latitudes and (b) mountain slopes would you expect mountainous animal populations to shift under a warming climate?
Poleward (northwards in the Northern Hemisphere) and to higher elevations
During which ENSO phase is Peru likely to receive an increase in offshore fish populations? What physical phenomenon is responsible for this?
La Niña. Upwelling from cool deep water with high nutrient concentrations.
Which has the highest impact on reducing emissions?
Eating local/organic food
Replacing plastic shopping bags with paper/canvas bags
Consuming vegetable protein a couple times of week
Consuming vegetable protein a couple times of week and reducing food waste has a more significant impact to reducing GHG emissions.
Explain one geoengineering strategy
Stratospheric aerosol injection (SAI): inject sulfate aerosols into stratosphere, which reflect sunlight
Marine cloud brightening (MCB): spray sea salt into air, which leads to smaller cloud droplets and thus brighter clouds
Direct air capture (DAC): extracts CO2 from the air and stores it permanently
...
With global warming, where (latitudinally, e.g. tropics vs. polar regionsWhich has the ) would you expect a species to be more successful in surviving?
Higher-latitude species because they are adapted to wide ranges of temperatures. Tropical species have a narrow temperature range since the tropics do not experience large temperature swings throughout the year.
T or F: Injecting aerosols in the atmosphere would deflect incoming sunlight and cool the planet. Counteracting the greenhouse effect in this manner would decrease ocean acidification and prevent coral bleaching.
False. Stratospheric aerosol injection only cools the surface but does not affect atmospheric CO2 which will continue to be taken up by the ocean.