Organelles
This organelle is known as the "powerhouse of the cell" because it breaks down glucose to release ATP.
What is the mitochondria?
This type of transport moves particles from an area of HIGH concentration to an area of LOW concentration.
What is diffusion?
This type of transport moves particles from LOW concentration to HIGH concentration and requires energy.
What is active transport?
This is the term for when a cell develops a specific shape, size, or set of organelles so it can do its job more efficiently.
What is cell specialization?
This organelle is the site of photosynthesis in plant cells.
What is the chloroplast?
This organelle controls what enters and exits the cell and is described as selectively permeable.
What is the cell membrane?
This is the diffusion of water specifically, across a selectively permeable membrane.
What is osmosis?
This is the energy molecule a cell spends to power active transport.
What is ATP?
This type of plant cell has a long, thin extension that gives it more surface area to absorb water and minerals.
What is a root hair cell?
This organelle is the site of cellular respiration.
What is the mitochondria?
This organelle stores the cell's DNA and controls the cell's activities.
What is the nucleus?
This term describes a solution with MORE solute outside a cell than inside, which causes water to leave the cell.
What is hypertonic?
This is the name for a protein built into the cell membrane that uses ATP to push particles through.
What is a protein pump?
This type of cell has a small disc shape and no nucleus, giving it more surface area for oxygen to diffuse in and out quickly.
What is a red blood cell?
These are the two inputs (reactants) of photosynthesis.
What are carbon dioxide and water (using sunlight)?
This rigid outer layer supports and protects plant cells but is NOT found in animal cells.
What is the cell wall?
This term describes a solution with LESS solute outside a cell than inside, which causes water to enter the cell.
What is hypotonic?
This process happens when the cell membrane wraps around a large particle and pulls it INSIDE the cell.
What is endocytosis?
This type of cell has tiny finger-like folds called microvilli that increase its surface area for absorbing nutrients.
What is a small intestine lining cell?
These are the two main outputs (products) of cellular respiration, besides ATP.
What are carbon dioxide and water?
Name the jelly-like substance that fills the cell and holds the organelles in place, AND explain why chemical reactions can happen there.
What is cytoplasm — because it is a fluid-filled space where dissolved materials can move and react?
In the potato osmosis lab, explain whether salt water is hypertonic or hypotonic compared to the inside of the potato cells, and what happened to the potato strip as a result.
What is hypertonic — the potato strip lost water and got shorter/limp because water left the cells?
Explain why active transport requires ATP but diffusion does not, using the term "concentration gradient" in your answer.
What is: active transport moves particles against their concentration gradient (low to high), which takes energy, while diffusion moves particles along the gradient (high to low) naturally, with no energy needed?
This type of cell has a long axon and many sodium-potassium pumps. Explain how its structure helps it do its job.
What is a nerve cell — its long axon and many pumps let it move ions by active transport to send electrical signals quickly over long distances?
Explain how photosynthesis and cellular respiration are connected to each other — specifically, what does one process make that the other process uses?
What is: photosynthesis makes glucose and oxygen, which cellular respiration then uses as inputs to make ATP?