States of Matter
In this state, particles vibrate in fixed positions.
What is solid?
When was Democritus born?
born 460 BC
This type of electron is represented as dots in a Lewis structure.
What are valence electrons?
This type of change does not alter the chemical composition of a substance.
What is a physical change?
The pH scale typically ranges from this minimum to maximum value.
What is 0 to 14?
In this state, particles move freely and spread apart.
What is gas?
When was John Dalton born?
Sep 6, 1766 was the time he was born.
The Lewis structure of carbon dioxide shows this type of bond between carbon and oxygen.
What are double bonds?
This type of change results in the formation of a new substance.
What is a chemical change?
Blood has a pH around this value, slightly basic.
What is 7.4?
In this state, particles are ionized and carry electric charge.
What is plasma?
What new information did Democritus contribute to the atom?
He made the first atomic model.
The maximum number of electrons that can surround most atoms in a Lewis structure.
What is 8 (the octet rule)?
Vinegar reacting with baking soda is this type of change.
What is a chemical change?
Bases often produce these ions in solution.
What are hydroxide ions (OH⁻)?
The process of a gas changing directly into a solid.
What is deposition?
What experiments did Erwin Schrodinger conduct to contribute to the atomic theory?
Erwin Schrodinger conducted several experiments that contributed to the development of atomic theory, particularly in the field of quantum mechanics.
In a Lewis structure, these bonds are represented by a line between atoms.
What are covalent bonds?
This type of change includes phase transitions like melting, freezing, or boiling.
What is a physical change?
Stomach acid has a pH around 1–2, making it one of the most acidic substances in the body.
What is hydrochloric acid?
This exotic state of matter occurs near absolute zero when particles act as one quantum entity.
What is a Bose-Einstein condensate?
Which experiment concluded that the atom was mainly empty space around a small positively charged nucleus.
what is a (Gold foil experiment)?
The Lewis structure of ozone requires this concept to represent its bonding correctly.
What is resonance?
This property remains the same during a physical change.
What is chemical composition?
The scientist who introduced the pH scale in 1909.
Who is Soren Sorensen?