Civil Liberties
The writer of the Bill of Rights
Who is James Madison?
Written by MLK in response to a white clergymen statement written against the Birmingham protests
What is Letters from a Birmingham Jail?
Court case that overturned Plessy v. Ferguson
What is Brown v. The Board of Education?
“Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof…”
What are the First Amendment Free Exercise and Establishment Clauses ?
An individual's words damage another person’s reputation or tarnish their ability to earn a living
What is defamation?
The division of power between the federal government and the states
What is federalism?
Civil Rights cases argue that discrimination violates this clause of the Constitution
What is the Equal Protection Clause of the 14th Amendment?
Court case that incorporated the Second Amendment to the states
What is McDonald v. City of Chicago?
Those who argue against affirmative action say that SCOTUS cannot rule in favor of segregation because the Constitution is
What is colorblind?
The government's regulation of the press by prohibiting the printing of material beforehand
What is prior restraint?
The due process amendments
What are the 4th, 5th, 6th, and 8th amendments?
Figure in Civil Rights history who had a passive accommodation approach to end segregation/discrimination of promoting success through education/business instead
Who is Booker T. Washington?
Court case that decided that states had to provide an attorney if the client could not afford one
What is Gideon v. Wainwright?
What is the Due Process Clause of the 14th Amendment?
Court case where SCOTUS sided with the government in the limiting of a socialist's free speech
What is Schenck v. United States?
Law passed that required background checks before purchasing a gun from a licensed firearm dealer
What is The Brady Act/Law?
The Constitutional Amendment that ended poll taxes AND the government law that invalidated literacy tests and property requirements to vote
What is the 24th Amendment and the Voting Rights Act of 1965?
Decided that the universities were allowed to take race and ethnicity into account when making decisions about the admissions of students as long as it wasn’t the only factor or that it did not utilize specifically assigned numerical goals
What is the Regents of the University of California v. Bakke?
Set up for the Exclusionary Rule of the 4th Amendment-evidence cannot be used in court if obtained without a warrant
What is Mapp v. Ohio?
The three considerations when limiting free speech
What is time, place, and manner?
Set up a legal test that determined if government legislation aiding public or private schools is an unconstitutional violation of the establishment clause
What is the Lemon Test?
Section of the Federal Educational Amendments Law of 1972 that prohibits the exclusion of women from an educational program or activity receiving financial assistance from the federal government
What is Title IX?
Said that the death penalty was not cruel and unusual punishment if no discrimination occurred in the due process of the case
What is Gregg v. Georgia?
Racial segregation that is not made legal by law but still occurs based off issues like where a person lives
What is de facto segregation?
What is needed in order to win a defamation lawsuit against a public figure specifically
What is prove that the press had published false facts with “actual malice” or reckless disregard for the truth?