Imperial Conflict & Resistance
The end of this conflict in 1763 brought an official end to Britain’s policy of "salutary neglect," prompting Parliament to tax the colonies to service war debt.
What is the Seven Years' War (or French and Indian War)?
This American general kept the Continental Army together through strategic retreats, winter encampments, and tactical maneuvers.
Who is George Washington?
This cultural ideal tasked post-Revolutionary women with educating their sons in virtuous civic duties to sustain the republic.
What is Republican Motherhood?
Under the Articles of Confederation, the central government lacked this critical direct authority, leaving it reliant on voluntary state requests.
What is the power of taxation?
In his 1796 Farewell Address, George Washington explicitly warned the nation against political factions and this type of foreign relationship.
What are permanent foreign alliances?
This 1763 British policy attempted to restrict colonial westward settlement to reduce frontier tensions with Native Americans.
What is the Proclamation Line of 1763?
This December 1776 victory following a daring crossing of the Delaware River re-energized Patriot morale and encouraged re-enlistments.
What is the Battle of Trenton?
Enslaved African Americans petitioned state legislatures like Massachusetts in 1777 by arguing that slavery was contrary to these core principles.
What are natural rights (life, liberty, & pursuit of happiness)?
This 1786 uprising of indebted Massachusetts farmers highlighted the central government's inability to maintain order, fueling demands for a stronger union.
What is Shays's Rebellion?
Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay wrote this collection of essays to advocate for a stronger central government and the ratification of the Constitution.
What is The Federalist Papers?
This Enlightenment thinker influenced colonial rhetoric on natural rights (life, liberty, and property) and the social contract.
Who is John Locke?
This 1777 battle in northern New York is considered the turning point of the war because it convinced France to sign a military alliance with the United States.
What is the Battle of Saratoga?
Post-war developments saw this region of the United States initiate gradual emancipation laws, while the South doubled down on slavery.
What is the North (or Northern states)?
This Constitutional Convention compromise created a bicameral legislature with a House of Representatives based on population and a Senate with equal state representation.
What is the Great Compromise?
This political party, led by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison, championed states' rights, a strict interpretation of the Constitution, an agrarian economy, and sympathy for revolutionary France.
What is the Democratic-Republican Party?
Written in his 1764 pamphlet, James Otis argued that ________________ was irreconcilable with colonial rights, while still asserting that colonists "must obey" Parliament.
What is "taxation without representation"?
This French military figure brought crucial tactical expertise and troops to assist George Washington during the Battle of Saratoga that officially brought France into the war as an ally.
Who is the Marquis de Lafayette?
Many Native American tribes allied with this nation during the war in an effort to limit colonial expansion into western lands.
Who is Great Britain (or the British)?
This agreement resolved disputes between Northern and Southern states by determining how enslaved populations would be counted for representation and direct taxation.
What is the Three-Fifths Compromise?
This political party, led by Alexander Hamilton, favored a strong central government, loose interpretation of the Constitution, a national bank, and commercial ties with Britain.
What is the Federalists Party?
This 1776 publication by Thomas Paine mobilized popular opposition to monarchical rule and argued for complete colonial independence.
What is Common Sense?
The combined forces of the Continental Army and the French fleet forced the surrender of Lord Cornwallis at this 1781 siege.
What is the Battle of Yorktown?
Federalists secured the ratification of the Constitution by promising Anti-Federalists that this would be added to safeguard individual liberties.
What is the Bill of Rights?
Under this British common law doctrine, women lacked legal and political rights, maintaining no voting or property rights before and after the war.
What is coverture?
Passed by Federalists under President John Adams to suppress political opposition, these 1798 laws led to major constitutional resistance from Democratic-Republicans.
What are the Alien and Sedition Acts?