Unit Zero

History of Psychology

100

This psychologist is known as the father of psychology (from Germany):

Wilhelm Wundt

200

Structuralism is a type of psychology that focusses on:

The inner workings of the human mind. (Think about how Titchener and Wundt wanted to look inside the car to see how it worked; what makes the car tick?)

300

Functionalism is a type of psychology that focusses on: 

How the behavioral and mental processes behavior, to learn how we adapt, survive, and flourish (William James would want to take the car for a spin and see what it did in its element)

400

The first woman to earn a degree in psychology was: 

Margaret Washburn (Mary Calkins was the first finish the degree at Harvard in 1890, but Harvard refused to give her a degree)

500

Psychology is a study that fuses together two previous ideas. What are they?

Physiology and Philosophy 

Psychology Perspectives

100

How we learn observable responses  

Behavioral psychology 

200

How the body and brain enable emotions, memories, and sensory experiences

Biological 

300

How we encode, process store, and retrieve information:

Cognitive 

400

How we achieve personal growth and self-fullfillment:

Humanistic 

500

How behavior springs from unconscious drives and conflicts:

Psychodynamic 

Subfields of Psychology

100

Pure science that aims to increase the scientific knowledge base:

Basic research

200

The scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another

Social psychology 

300

Scientific study that aims to solve practical problems: 

Applied research 

400

The application of psychological concepts and methods to optimizing human behavior in workplaces: 

Industrial-Organizational Psychology (I/O) 

500

A branch of psychology that studies, assesses, and treats people with psychological disorders:

Clinical Psychology 

Studies and Experiments

100

A carefully worded statement of the exact procedures used in a research study:

Operational Definition

200

A technique in which one individual or group in studied in depth in the hope of revealing universal principles: 

Case Study 

300

A technique of observing and recording behavior in naturally occurring situations without trying to manipulate or control the situation: 

Naturalistic Observation

400

A measure of the extent to which two factors vary together, and thus of how well either factor predicts the other: 

Correlation

500

In an experiment, the factor that is manipulated; the variable whose effect is being studied: 

Independent Variable 

Miscellaneous

100

Any effect on behavior caused by the administration of an invert substance or condition, which the recipient assumes is an active agent: 

Placebo Effect

200

A factor other than the factor being studied that might influence a study's results: 

Confounding variable 

300

The postexperiential explanation of a study, including its purpose and any deceptions, to its participants: 

Debriefing 

400

The middle score in a distribution; half the scores are above it and half are below it: 

Median 

500

What is a weakness of the correlational research method?

Cannot specify cause and effect