Organelles
What is the primary function of a ribosome in the cell?
To make proteins. Ribosomes function is to synthesize proteins by translating genetic code.
What transport processes requires ATP or energy?
Active Transport. It requires energy since it it moves molecules or ions across a cell membrane against their concentration gradient. (low to high concentration)
What is the name of the of the special lipid with a polar head and two non-polar tails that makes up the double-layer of cell membrane?
A phospholipid is a major class of lipids containing a phosphate group.
What is homeostasis?
Ability to maintain a stable internal environment.
What organelle stores DNA?
Nucleus. Not only does the nucleus store DNA they make ribosomes, manages cell division, and controls gene expression.
What is the main nickname for lysosomes?
The "Garbage Disposal" or "Janitor" of the cell. They go by this nickname since they collect and break down cellular waste, etc.
Does passive transport go against the concentration gradient or with it?
With the concentration. High to Low concentration.
What are the basic building blocks that link together to make proteins?
Amino acids. Proteins are complex molecules composed of amino acid monomers with 20 amino acids.
Why is homeostasis important for living organisms?
Homeostasis keeps an organism’s internal environment stable and balanced, allowing its cells and organs to survive and work properly.
What's necessary for nerve cells?
Sodium-Potassium Pump.
Why is cytoplasm vital for the shape of the cell?
Fills out the space and keep organelles supported and separated.
What is simple diffusion?
A natural movement of particles from an area of High to Low concentration.
Which macromolecule would be in yogurt, milk, or cheese?
Carbohydrate. Lactose is a simple carbohydrate (disaccharide) made of two sugar molecules bonded together: glucose and galactose.
What could happen if an organism cannot maintain homeostasis?
If an organism cannot maintain homeostasis, its cells and organs may stop working properly, which can lead to illness, damage, or even death.
What is it called when the cell surrounds and takes in materials?
Endocytosis.
What organelle is given the nickname describe generating most of the cell's supply of usable energy?
"Powerhouse of the Cell" or Mitochondria. They are given this nickname because they turn nutrients into usable energy.
What special structures in the cell membrane act as "helpers" to move large or charged molecules across?
Transport proteins (channel or carrier proteins) to move from high to low concentration.
What is the name of the monomer, or building block, that makes up nucleic acids?
A nucleotide. A nucleotide is made of three parts: a phosphate group, a 5-carbon sugar, and a nitrogenous base. Together, these parts make up the building blocks of DNA and RNA.
What is an example of homeostasis in the human body?
Body temperature, blood pressure, or blood glucose regulation.
What is it called when that cell removes materials from inside the cell?
Exocytsis.
What organelle controls what goes in and out of the cell?
Cell Membrane. The cell membrane maintains a stable internal environment.
What specific term describes the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane?
Osmosis. Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane from an area of higher concentration to area of lower concentration, does not require energy.
What are the four main types of macromolecules?
Lipids, Proteins, Amino Acids, and Carbohydrates.
How does the body maintain a normal body temperature?
Sensors in the skin and deep organs detect changes in temperature and send signals to the hypothalamus. Hypothalamus is a small part of the brain acts as the body's thermostat.
What is the main function of the DNA in a cell?
The main function of DNA is to store and carry genetic information that tells cells how to function and make proteins.