Unit 1
Transcribe this DNA sequence into RNA:
GGC TAG CGT AAT GCA
CCG AUC GCA UUA CGU
Why is it important that meiosis produces haploid cells and not diploid cells?
To create a diploid organism. So an embryo can have a copy of DNA from the mother and the father to create a unique organism.
How is genetic drift affected by population size?
More drastically with smaller population sizes, while its effects are lessened in larger populations.
What mechanisms result in evolution? List at least 3 of 4.
Mutation, genetic drift, natural selection, gene flow
One alien population has a population of 500 in an area of 825 m. A second population has a population of 400 in an area of 575m. Which population has greater abundance and which has greater density?
Population one has greater abundance and population 2 has greater density.
Turn this RNA sequence into DNA: GCU ACU UUA UCC UCG
CGA TGA AAT AGG AGC
Anna changes a nucleotide sequence and now the amino acid sequence is much shorter than it should be. What mutation most likely occurred?
Nonsense mutation
Hardy-Wienberg Question: You have a population with the frequencies S: 0.9 and A: 0.1. What are the frequencies of SS and AA?
SS: 0.81 AA: 0.01
Hardy-Wienberg Question: You have a population with the frequencies S: 0.9 and A: 0.1. What is the frequency of AS?
AS: 0.18
How does increasing the population size (N) affect the population growth rate (G) in the logistic model?
G will increase to its highest point at half of the carrying capacity and then decrease to zero at its carrying capacity?
What are the three parts of DNA?
phosphate group, sugar group, nitrogenous base
If a double stranded fragment of DNA is composed of 30% Guanine, what percent is Alanine?
20% Alanine
What type of signaling occurs within a cell and what type of signaling transfers information to other neurons?
Electrical signaling; chemical signaling
David develops a disease that breaks down the myelin sheath, what will be the effect on neuron signaling?
Signaling will slow down or stop.
You are a doctor and you see a patient who has high levels of neutrophils. What negative effect might their body be experiencing just due to high levels of neutrophils?
The neutrophils are likely damaging body cells which must also be repaired.
Pistol Pete discovers a new species that does not have a ribosome present in its cells. What step of transcription or translation can this organism not complete?
It cannot complete translation, specifically it cannot build amino acid sequences.
Translate this sequence of RNA into amino acids (use an amino acid chart): AAA AUG GCG CCU UGA
Met Ala Pro
You discover an alien species that does not use facilitated diffusion. What type of diffusion must they use and what does it require the alien to do?
Active transport requires ATP so the alien would need to create more ATP. Passive transport doesn't require anything.
Abigail creates a new medication and after testing realizes that it is an acetylcholine mimic, what led her to this conclusion?
Seizures due to increased neurotransmitter at the synapse which led to greater action potentials.
A population of swans has a population of 100. There were 25 births and 15 deaths this year. The carrying capacity is 325, what is the population growth rate?
G=6.93
You take a sample of blood from your pediatric patient and determine that they have Anti-A antibodies in their blood. Their parents have type AA and type BO blood. Are these the child's parents?
No, the child has type B_ blood (BB or BO).
A family comes to you for genetic counseling because the father is color blind and the mother is a carrier of color blindness. What percentage of their children will be colorblind?
50% one male and one female
A new spider is discovered whose venom disables ATP use in pumps in neurons, what effect would this have?
The sodium potassium pump would not work, and the ion gradients would not be present which would lead to paralysis.
I discover a snake venom that disrupts repolarization of the neuron. List one of the two possible pumps effected and what happens to them.
Na+ pumps cannot close or K+ pumps cannot open.
You discover a new bacteria that reduces basophil reaction to a wound site by 75%. What do you expect to happen to the wound?
It will heal more slowly since 75% less histamine is released and will likely become infected since less macrophages will be present to destroy bacteria.