Renaissance Terms
This is the language or dialect spoken by the ordinary people in a particular country or region.
Vernacular
Who likely said the following:
"Thus those indulgence preachers are in error who say that a man is absolved from every penalty and saved by papal indulgences. They preach only human doctrines who say that as soon as the money clinks into the money chest, the soul flies out of purgatory. Any truly repentant Christian has a right to full remission of penalty and guilt, even without indulgence letters. The true treasure of the church is the most holy gospel of the glory and grace of God."
Martin Luther
Which of the following was a major impact of the Columbian Exchange on Europe:
- The introduction of horses, which revolutionized European agriculture
- The spread of smallpox, which decimated European populations
- The introduction of new crops like potatoes and maize, which boosted European populations
- The decline of European trade networks due to competition from the Americas
The introduction of new crops like potatoes and maize, which boosted European populations
Who likely said the following: "But inasmuch as a prince should know how to use the beast’s nature wisely, he ought of beasts to choose both the lion and the fox; for the lion cannot guard himself from the toils, nor the fox from wolves. He must therefore be a fox to discern toils, and a lion to drive off wolves."
Machiavelli
During the colonial era, this country held most of South and Central American, North America – Mexico and southeastern US; the Philippines; Caribbean islands - Cuba, Hispaniola
Spain
A program of study designed by Italians that emphasized the critical study of Latin and Greek literature with the goal of understanding human nature.
Humanism
Who likely said the following:
"The Scriptures teach that baptism shall be given to all those who have been taught repentance and the amendment of life, and who believe truly that their sins are taken away by Christ, and to all those who walk in the resurrection of Jesus Christ, and who wish to be buried with him in death, that they may rise with him; to all those who with this significance request it of us and demand it for themselves. This excludes all infant baptism, the greatest and first abomination of the pope."
Andrew Anabaptist
One long-term demographic effect of the Columbian Exchange on Europe was:
- A decline in population due to new diseases from the Americas
- Rapid urbanization fueled by an increased food supply from American crops
- The widespread adoption of indigenous American languages
- The replacement of European livestock with American species
Rapid urbanization fueled by an increased food supply from American crops
The following is an excerpt from what document?
“That each prince shall have the right to determine the religion of his own state, whether it shall be the old [Catholic] religion or [Lutheranism]; and the subjects shall conform to the religion of their ruler or leave the land.”
Peace of Augsburg (1555)
During the era of colonization, this country held Brazil, East Africa (Swahili Coast), trading posts on the Indian subcontinent and in the East Indies.
Portugal
Focusing on worldly, non-religious aspects of life, including art, literature, and politics, rather than solely on religious themes.
Secularism
Who likely said the following:
Albeit the King’s Majesty justly and rightfully is and ought to be the supreme head of the Church of England, and so is recognized by the clergy of this realm in their convocations, yet nevertheless for corroboration and confirmation thereof, be it enacted by authority of this present Parliament, that the King, our sovereign lord, his heirs and successors, kings of this realm, shall be taken, accepted, and reputed the only supreme head on earth of the Church of England, called Anglicana Ecclesia; and shall have and enjoy, annexed and united to the imperial crown of this realm, as well the title and style thereof, as all honours, dignities, pre-eminences, jurisdictions, privileges, authorities, immunities, profits, and commodities to the said dignity of supreme head of the same Church belonging and appertaining."
Henry VIII
The Commercial Revolution and the growth of European overseas empires were linked because:
- European nations needed new trade routes and colonies to acquire bullion and raw materials
- The decline of the feudal system eliminated all forms of trade
- The printing press allowed for faster global communication
- Indigenous populations provided a ready labor force for European guilds in Europe
European nations needed new trade routes and colonies to acquire bullion and raw materials
This was a series of meetings that implemented the Catholic Reformation/Counter-Reformation.
Council of Trent (1545-1563)
During the era of colonization this country held parts of North America and some Caribbean Islands, notably Barbados and Jamaica.
A philosophical idea that placed a high value on the individual human being, emphasizing their potential for achievement, self-expression, and unique worth
Individualism
Who likely said the following:
"By predestination we mean the eternal decree of God, by which he determined with himself whatever he wished to happen with regard to every man. All are not created on equal terms, but some are preordained to eternal life, others to eternal damnation; and, accordingly, as each has been created for one or other of these ends, we say that he has been predestined to life or to death."
John Calvin
Which statement best captures a criticism of the economic changes of the Commercial Revolution?
- They increased rural poverty and widened the gap between rich merchants and poor peasants
- They led to the immediate collapse of European monarchies
- They caused a decline in long-distance trade and urban growth
- They eliminated the need for overseas colonies
They increased rural poverty and widened the gap between rich merchants and poor peasants
The following is an excerpt from which document?
“A line is drawn from pole to pole, three hundred and seventy leagues west of the Cape Verde Islands; all lands discovered to the west of this line shall belong to Spain, and all lands to the east shall belong to Portugal.”
Treaty of Tordesillas (1494)
During the era of colonization, this country held much of what we now call Canada and area in the American Midwest.
France
A movement that combined classical humanist learning (focus on reason, education, and the study of ancient texts) with Christian faith and values.
Christian Humanism
Who likely said the following:
“The Bible is the highest authority; the clergy are fallible, and the people should have access to the Scriptures in their own language.”
John Wycliffe
The Columbian Exchange is best described as:
- The transfer of people, animals, plants, and diseases between the Old and New Worlds
- The spread of European political institutions to Asia
- The first treaty dividing colonial territories between Spain and Portugal
- The establishment of trans-Saharan trade routes
The transfer of people, animals, plants, and diseases between the Old and New Worlds
The following is an excerpt from which document?
“Henry, by the grace of God, King of France and of Navarre, to all present and to come, greeting. We grant to our subjects of the Reformed religion liberty of conscience and permission to live and dwell in all cities and places of this our kingdom and countries under our obedience, without being molested or compelled to do anything contrary to their religion.”
Edict of Nantes (1598)
During the era of colonization, this country held the East Indies (Spice Islands), several Caribbean islands, and what we now call New York City.
The Netherlands