State Building in Afro-Eurasia
This dynasty in China used civil service exams and expanded China’s bureaucracy.
What is the Song Dynasty?
The dominant Islamic caliphate during Unit 1, centered in Baghdad.
What is the Abassid Caliphate?
This innovation, developed earlier in China, revolutionized military organization in the Islamic and European worlds during this era.
What is gunpowder?
This Chinese philosophy, revived during the Song Dynasty, combined Confucian ethics with Buddhist and Daoist ideas.
What is Neo-Confucianism?
Both the Aztec and Inca Empires relied on this system of labor or goods extraction from conquered peoples.
What is tribute?
This Islamic empire ruled Persia and was known for Shia Islam as its state religion.
What is the Safavid Empire?
This Muslim-ruled state in India relied heavily on Turkic military elites to govern a Hindu-majority population.
What is the Delhi Sultanate?
These structures along the Silk Roads provided lodging, food, and security for merchants.
What are caravanserai?
This movement in Europe emphasized predestination and strict moral conduct, influencing both religion and economic behavior.
What is Calvinism?
A key difference between Chinese and European state building in this era is that China relied on exams while Europe relied on these decentralized political units.
What are feudal states / nobility / manorial systems?
This system in Japan gave power to landholding warriors and reduced the emperor to a symbolic role.
What is feudalism?
This Inca system organized communities to provide labor for agriculture, construction, and military service.
What is the mit’a system?
This financial innovation reduced the risk of carrying metal coins along the Silk Roads.
What is flying cash?
Ottoman rulers used this system to staff their bureaucracy and janissary corps with Christian boys from the Balkans.
What is devshirme?
Safavids and Mughals ruled religiously diverse regions. What is a difference in their religious policies?
Safavids enforced Shi’a uniformity; Mughals promoted tolerance (especially under Akbar).
In the Ottoman and Mughal Empires, this system allowed individuals to collect taxes from a region in exchange for paying a fixed amount to the state.
What is tax farming?
This city was Mali’s most famous center of trade, learning, and Islam.
What is Timbuktu?
This agricultural innovation increased population in Song China but also shifted cultivation to southern regions.
What is champa rice?
This 1517 event sparked doctrinal and political conflict that fractured Christian Europe.
What is Martin Luther posting the 95 Theses?
Calvinism, Sufism, and Sikhism all demonstrate that religious movements often emerged in response to this kind of historical condition.
What is dissatisfaction with existing institutions / desire for reform or spiritual renewal?
This African kingdom rose on the Niger River and controlled key trans-Saharan trade routes until Morocco invaded in 1591.
What is the Songhai Empire?
The Mongol Empire indirectly facilitated this major global phenomenon by connecting Eurasian trade routes.
What is the exchange of goods, ideas, and technologies?
These two innovations/technologies improved ship maneuverability and carrying capacity in the Indian Ocean, allowing longer voyages and bulk trade.
What are the lateen sail and the Chinese junk ship?
Sikhism emerged during Mughal rule due to interactions between these two major religions.
What are Islam and Hinduism?
This factor explains why Silk Roads trade was dominated by luxury goods while the Indian Ocean carried bulk goods.
What is ship cargo capacity vs. caravan limits?