Unit 1
What are the two hypotheses that led nomadic people to become sedentary? Explain.
Hypotheses One ~ Agriculture to Sedentary
-People first realized the seeds on the ground grew new plants and crops. they then decided to settle into these areas.
Hypotheses Two ~ Sedentary to Agriculture
-People first settled then observed the fact that seeds grew new crops that could be used for agriculture.
What are the three main parts to a Mesopotamian Irrigation System?
- Dike
- Irrigation Canal
- Reservoir
Social Groups in Athens
- citizens (males)
-wives and children of citizens
-metics
-slaves
Legend says that it was founded by the twins Remus and Romulus. They were rescued by a she-wolf. Augustus later proclaimed himself as first emperor.
Where were all civilizations first developed?
(Geographical location)
Rivers
Why were women in nomadic societies in charge of gathering rather than hunting?
1) back then, men were physically stronger therefore they did the physically demanding work.
2) women needed to stay safe because their fertility was sacred.
3) the women needed to stay with the children.
Mesopotamian and Egyptian writing and uses.
Mesopotamian - Cuneiform Writing
- used for organization.
Egyptian - Hieroglyphics
- scribes learned to write this, used for law, justice, rules and organization of taxes.
Social Groups in Sparta
- equals
- wives and children of equals
- periokoi
- helots
What are 6 regions of Rome?
Hispania, Gallia, Germania, Italia, Britannia, Africa.
What civilization out of the first four still remains today?
The Chinese Civilization.
Name and describe three tools used during the neolithic time period.
1) Sickle - used to harvest crops.
2) Hoe - to prepare land for agriculture.
3) Grinder - used to turn harvests into flour.
4) Stone Containers - used to store harvests, seeds and flours.
Mesopotamia Hierarchy Pyramid and Their Roles
-he managed everything
-his power was inherited
2) ELITE
- high priests
- army commanders
- rich merchants
-they carried out his commands
3) FREE PEOPLE
- priests, craftspeople, peasants, merchants, soldiers, civil servants the peasants paid taxes.
4) SLAVES
-prisoners of war, they received no wages.
What is the difference between direct and indirect democracy?
Direct
- direct democracy allows the people to have a voice.
Indirect
- indirect democracy has someone represent a group of people.
What was the name of the wars that Carthage and Rome were involved in? Why were there these wars?
The wars were called the Punic Wars. They occured because Rome wanted to conquer Sicily but it was under Carthage's control.
What is a dictator?
A dictator is a ruler who is cruel to his people.
What time period did the Palaeolithic Age start?
What time period did the Neolithic Age start?
Palaeolithic - 12 000 BC
Neolithic - 8 000 BC
Egyptian Hierarchy Pyramid
1) Pharaoh
2) Dignitaries
3) Peasants
4) Slaves
- Ekklesia
- Boule
- Heliaia
- Strategists
- Archons
What happens if there's insubordination in the military?
- a legionary could be deprived of his wages, beaten, demoted or decapitated.
What is a census?
A population count.
Name the type of trade practiced during the Neolithic time period.
Bartering
Chinese Hierarchy Pyramid
1) Emperor
2) Nobility
3) People
4) Slaves
Democratic Institutions in Sparta
-Apella
- Gerousia
- Ephores
How was each leader chosen in Rome?
~Senators were chosen by the Emperor
~Magistrates were chosen by the Citizens
~Emperor was inherited from the previous Emperor
~Provincial Governors were chosen by the Emperor.
What is hedemony?
The domination of a territory.