Earth’s Atmosphere — Unit 1
What is the name of the blanket of gases surrounding Earth?
Atmosphere
In which three natural states does water occur on Earth?
Solid, liquid, and gas
What is the rigid outer shell made of the crust and uppermost mantle called?
Lithosphere
What do we call a group or chain of islands?
Archipelago
What are the three main geographical island groups of the Philippines?
Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao
Which gas in the atmosphere do plants use during photosynthesis?
Carbon dioxide
What force helps Earth retain its atmosphere and keeps oceans and rivers at the surface?
Gravity
What type of plate boundary occurs when two plates move apart?
Divergent boundary
What is a curved chain of volcanic islands formed near a subduction zone called?
Island arc
What does PMB stand for?
Philippine Mobile Belt
Which gas acts as the final electron acceptor during cellular respiration?
Oxygen
What Earth material stores water, provides plant nutrients, and supports vegetation?
Soil
At which type of plate boundary do plates slide past one another?
Transform boundary
Which seafloor feature marks where a tectonic plate begins to descend beneath another?
Deep-ocean trench
What does PMCB stand for in the lesson?
Palawan-Mindoro Continental Block
Which atmospheric layer contains the ozone layer that absorbs most harmful ultraviolet radiation?
Stratosphere
Why is Earth’s moderate temperature important for life?
It allows liquid water to remain stable and supports living organisms
What is the process in which a denser oceanic plate sinks beneath another plate?
Subduction
A subducting plate helps generate magma, which repeatedly erupts and builds land. What geological feature can this produce?
A volcanic island arc
What is the geological term for adding oceanic rocks, sediments, or crustal blocks to an existing landmass or crustal region?
Accretion
A planet has air but little protection from harmful ultraviolet radiation. Which protective part of Earth’s atmosphere is it missing?
Ozone layer
A plant has sunlight, air, and water but lacks a source of essential inorganic elements. According to the lesson, what type of nutrient is missing?
Minerals (mineral nutrients)
Two regions experience plate convergence, but only one develops a volcanic island arc. What difference in the plate interactions could explain this?
The region with the volcanic island arc likely involves oceanic subduction, while the other may involve continental collision.
Give the sequence presented in the slides for the formation and reshaping of islands.
Plate movement -> subduction -> magma rises -> volcanoes build land -> islands are reshaped
Palawan contains rocks associated with the Asian continental margin, unlike many volcanic islands in the Philippine Mobile Belt. What does this suggest about Palawan's origin?
Palawan originated from a continental fragment rather than forming primarily as a volcanic island arc.