11.7 DRUG AWARENESS
Identify General Indicators Of Stimulant Use.
•Restlessness
•Talkative
•Excitation
•Euphoria
•Exaggerated reflexes
•Loss of appetite
•Anxiety
•Grinding teeth (i.e., bruxism)
•Redness to nasal area (if snorting)
•Body tremors
Identify paraphernalia associated with heroin use.
Tiny knotted balloons the size of a pencil eraser, syringes, spoons, cotton swabs, cigarette filters, pieces of foil, bottoms of soda cans, gel capsules, folded paper (or wax) bindles (e.g., lottery ticket cards), small squares cut from grocery bags, small containers of water, containers made to carry some or all of the paraphernalia
Identify general indicators of inhalant use.
•Disorientation
•Slurred speech
•Residue of substance on hands, face, and/or clothing
•Confusion
Possible nausea
Recognize hazards common at all clandestine labs.
•Flammable atmospheres
•Strong concentrated acids
•Ignition sources
•Toxic and poisonous gases
•Dangerous individuals
Explain why surveillance should be conducted.
•To verify the reliability of information, a tip, or complaint received
•To protect a government official or other dignitary
•To obtain sufficient evidence in order to make an arrest or to secure a search warrant
•To aid in the apprehension of wanted persons or suspects
To prevent the commission of a crime
•To determine locations or drop points of illegal or stolen items
•To determine residences and hangouts of the surveillance target
•To study the physical layout of a structure to assist in determining the most feasible method of conducting a raid or approach for an apprehension or rescue
Identify paraphernalia associated with cocaine use
-Pipes to smoke crack, small mirrors, short plastic straws, rolled up paper tubes, razor blades, small spoons, lighters, butane torch, Chore Boy, push rods (e.g., coat hanger), tire pressure gauges, aluminum cans
Identify general indicators of hallucinogen use.
•Hallucinations
•Dazed appearance
•Body tremors
•Uncoordinated
•Perspiring
•Disorientated
•Paranoia
•Difficulty in speech
•Nausea
Piloerection (i.e., goose bumps)
Describe sensory perceptions needed to determine reasonable suspicion of drug use.
Sight
•Further investigate anything unusual or out of the ordinary
‒Behavioral (e.g., nervous behavior, looking around, acting paranoid, displaying any signs of drug use, evasion of peace officers)
‒Paraphernalia (e.g., cutting bottoms off aluminum cans, burn marks on foil, books on drugs, paper bindles, plastic baggies, film canisters)
Sight (cont.)
•Can often get an idea of what is happening in your neighborhood by visiting the local convenience stores and looking behind the counter
‒Glass roses
‒Chore Boy display
‒Pipes or bongs for “tobacco use only”
Sound
•What the officer hears as they approach the scene
•What is being said around the community
•What the officer hears through intelligence reports
•Slurred, excited, or altered speech
•What is learned through informants
Smell
•Specific scents of drugs (e.g., marihuana, cocaine)
•Cover-up scents (e.g., incense, cologne, air fresheners)
•Odors associated with manufacture (e.g., solvent, ammonia, sulfur)
Touch
•The U.S. Supreme Court has stated police may seize nonthreatening contraband detected through the sense of touch during a protective pat down search so long as the search stays within the bounds marked by Terry (i.e., Terry v. Ohio)
•Securing a suspect
Recognize simple protocol for first responders at possible clandestine laboratories.
•Do not touch anything
•Do not sniff anything
•Do not open anything
•Follow agency policy/procedure
Describe The Methods Of Surveillance.
- Mobile – Foot Surveillance
Plainclothes assignment
•Used when suspects are walking in public locations where they may meet with other suspects and/or make drops (e.g., drugs, money, information)
•Is most successful using multiple officers (e.g., three)
-Mobile – Foot surveillance (cont.)
–Surveillant A keeps a very close tail immediately behind the subject
–Surveillant B follows behind surveillant A and the subject
–Surveillant C observes from across the street parallel with the other two
–If the subject turns a corner or enters a building, surveillant A keeps walking and B or C picks up the tail
Mobile – Foot surveillance (cont.)
•The target can be handed off to other officers if necessary
•Often used during a dignitary or witness protection detail
Usually, but not always, covert in nature
Mobile – Foot surveillance (cont.)
•Tactics
–Cross to the other side of the street
–Talk to someone
–Read something
–Buy something
–Tinker with a car
–If the subject stops suddenly, walk on by without paying attention
Identify paraphernalia associated with methamphetamine use.
- Cut straws, pipes, mirrors, needles, butane torches, foil, MSM (joint supplement mainly used to cut ice/crystal meth)
Identify general indicators of cannabis use.
•Bloodshot eyes
•Body tremors
•Odor of marihuana
•Disorientated
•Relaxed inhibitions
Difficulty in dividing attention
List The Most Utilized Methods Of Manufacturing Methamphetamine In Ohio.
•One Pot/Shake-n-Bake method
•Red Phosphorous method
•Birch Reduction method
•Conversion lab
Describe The Methods Of Lineups.
Showup
A police procedure in which a suspect is shown singly to a witness for identification, rather than as part of a lineup.
-Photo lineup
Identification procedure in which an array of photographs, including a photograph of the suspected perpetrator of an offense and additional photographs of other persons not suspected of the offense, is displayed to an eyewitness for the purpose of determining whether the eyewitness identifies the suspect as the perpetrator of the offense
-Live lineup
An identification procedure in which a group of persons, including the suspected perpetrator of an offense and other persons not suspected of the offense, is displayed to an eyewitness for the purpose of determining whether the eyewitness identifies the suspect as the perpetrator of the offense
METHODS OF VEHICLE SURVEILLANCE CONT.
Mobile – Vehicle surveillance
•Officer considerations
‒Have the ability to conduct simultaneous tasks
•Operate recording equipment
•Maintain radio contact
•Note taking
−Have the ability to react to or anticipate the subject’s moves
•Subject changes vehicles
•Subject enters a high traffic situation
Mobile – Vehicle surveillance (cont.)
−Interference
•People
–Subject’s associates potentially conducting counter surveillance
–Innocent bystanders
•Traffic
–Congestion
–Construction
Traffic signals
Mobile – Vehicle surveillance (cont.)
−Multiple subject vehicles – be aware the subject could possibly be traveling with associates in other vehicles that might be aware of an officer’s presence
Mobile – Vehicle surveillance (cont.)
•Techniques
–Shadowing – one officer in one car following the subject
–Paralleling
•One or more officers travel along parallel streets
•If the subject makes a turn, the paralleling unit can resume the shadow
Useful technique in urban areas
Mobile – Vehicle surveillance (cont.)
‒Leapfrog – if possible, make sure vehicles used are appropriate for the neighborhood
•The lead car slows down and allows another officer to pass and become the lead car
•Useful if the lead officer feels the subject is getting suspicious
Mobile – Vehicle surveillance (cont.)
‒Progressive
•Surveillance conducted in stages
•The subject is followed from each point of his/her travels
•Can be time consuming depending on how long the subject stays at each location
Mobile – Vehicle surveillance (cont.)
•Signs surveillance has been compromised
–The subject takes frequent right, left, or U turns
–Stops, pulls or steps over, and waits/watches
–Varies speed
–Takes highway exits and gets right back on
–Stops beyond a hill or crest
If the officer notices counter surveillance
Mobile – Vehicle surveillance (cont.)
•Cautions
‒Following too close
•If the target makes a stop, make sure to not get boxed in
•Always allow room to move around the subject’s vehicle if you need to leave quickly
‒Interstate/highway shadowing
•Allow as much distance as possible to avoid detection
•You do not need to see the subject, just the subject’s vehicle
Identify general indicators of depressant use.
•“Drunken” behavior and appearance
•Uncoordinated
•Drowsy
•Sluggish
•Disoriented
•Thick, slurred speech
•Unsteady, staggering (i.e., gait ataxia)
Identify paraphernalia associated with marihuana use.
- Rolling papers, cigars to make a “blunt,” small plastic baggies, “stash cans,” deodorizers, incense, pipes (e.g., metal, wooden, acrylic, glass, stone, plastic, ceramic), bongs, roach clips, vaporizing devices, cones, scented cigar or blunt wrappers, one hitters
Describe general indicators of methamphetamine labs
•Containers with layers of both liquids and solids
•Containers with multiple layers of liquid
•Containers with tubes or hoses attached
Recognize legal gambling in Ohio.
•Licensed casino games, which are regulated by the Ohio Casino Control Commission (OCCC)
•Games regulated by the Ohio Lottery Commission (OLC)
‒Instant lottery tickets
‒Keno
‒Video Lottery Terminals (VLT) located at racinos
•Licensed bingo, which is regulated by the Ohio Attorney General (OAG)
•Licensed horse racing, which is regulated by the Ohio State Racing Commission
•Skill-based amusement machines, which are regulated by the Ohio Casino Control Commission
Fixed/ Stationary Surveillance
Fixed/stationary surveillance
•An officer maintains a continuous view of the suspect, the suspect’s location, or a location the suspect is expected to return to
•Special vehicles are especially useful for this type of surveillance (e.g., decoy car, work van/truck with hidden surveillance equipment)
Fixed/stationary surveillance (cont.)
•Make sure vehicles are appropriate for the neighborhood
•Remember officer safety – if you can see the subject, the subject might be able to see you
Fixed/stationary surveillance (cont.)
•Electronic surveillance can include
‒Pole cams
‒Phone rings
‒GPS devices
‒Monitoring social media
‒Complex sire taps
Consult with legal authority (e.g., prosecutor) regarding any legal requirements if using anything to enhance the ability to observe
Identify general indicators of narcotic use.
•“On the nod” (i.e., an alternately wakeful and drowsy state)
•Droopy eyelids
•Depressed reflexes
•Dry mouth
•Facial itching
•Low/raspy speech
•Fresh puncture marks may be evident
Identify general indicators of dissociative anesthetic use.
•Warm to the touch
•Perspiring
•Blank stare
•Repetitive speech
•Incomplete verbal responses
•Confused
•Muscle rigidity
•Possibly violent and combative
Identify what law enforcement officers are responsible for when it comes to clandestine laboratories.
•Identifying what appears to be the components of a clandestine laboratory
•They are not responsible for positive identification of clandestine laboratories
Recognize Illegal Gambling In Ohio
Any gambling that is required to be licensed or regulated by the state that is being conducted without that license or regulation