Minerals
What is a mineral?
Mineral: a natural, usually inorganic solid that has a characteristic chemical composition, an orderly internal structure, and a characteristic set of physical properties.
What percent of silicate minerals make up the earth's crust?
96%
How are igneous rocks classified?
According to the where magma cools and hardens. Also its texture, size, and color
Felsic rock makes up ..... crust?
Continental
Magic rock makes up ..... crust?
Oceanic
What are four characteristics all minerals must have?
1. Must be inorganic
2. Must occur naturally
3. Must be a crystalline solid
4. Must have a consistent chemical composition
What percent of non-silicate minerals make up the earths crust?
4%
How to identify and igneous rock?(3 things)
1. Texture
2. Felsic or mafic
3. Density
Crystalline, or igneous rocks in the Earth’s crust composed of a number of silicate minerals in which melt at different temperatures. This generates magma
Partial Melting
when magma cools, the cooling process is the reverse of partial melting. Minerals with the highest freezing point crystallize first.
Fractional Crystallization
Six physical properties of a mineral?
1. Color
2. Streak
3. Luster
4. Cleavage and fracture
5.Hardness
6.Heft
a mineral that does not contain compounds of silicon and oxygen. Is what type of mineral?
Non-silicate mineral
Texture: determined by the ........ of the crystals in a rock(coarse, fine, glassy, vesicular)
Felsic or mafic: ......... or ....... in color
Density
Size
Light or dark
Define lava?
when magma reaches the surface
Define magma?
molten rock cooling and hardening inside the earth
How to find each of the six properties?
Color: looking at the mineral
Streak: draw a streak on the mineral against an unglazed porcelain tile
Luster: look at how a mineral reflects light
Cleavage and fracture: see if the mineral breaks along a smooth or hard surface
Hardness: see the mineral's resistance to scratching(Mohs hardness scale)
6. Heft: hold it in your hand and compare it to minerals of the same size
a mineral that contains a combination of silicon and oxygen, and that might also contain one or more metals. Is what type of mineral?
Silicate mineral
4 examples of igneous rocks?
Obsidian, Scoria, Pumice, Tuff, Diorite, Gabbro, Granite, Andesite, Basalt, and Rhyolite
Felsic rock: describes magma or igneous rock that is rich in ...... and ...... and that is generally .... in color
rich in feldspar and iron and that is generally light in color
Mafic rock: describes magma or igneous rock that is rich in ....... and ...... and that is generally ..... in color
rich is magnesium and iron that is generally dark in color