Unit 3
The Ottoman sultans used this selection system to staff their military and their government. This system began in the late 14th century and expanded in the 15th and 16th centuries. Through it, Christian boys who were subjects of the empire were recruited by force to serve in the Ottoman government.
Devshirme
This large French colony in the Caribbean became the world’s largest sugar producer
St. Dominguez (will also accept Haiti)
This Portuguese prince sponsored voyages and navigation advances and is known as a patron of exploration.
Prince Henry the Navigator
he transfer of people, animals, plants, and diseases between the New and Old Worlds is called the __________.
Columbian Exchange
What name was given to whites born in the Americas to European parents who often held social power in Latin America?
Creole
Extending into modern-day Turkey as well as to the Balkan areas of Europe and parts of North Africa and Southeast Asia, this was the largest and most enduring of the great Islamic empires of this period.
the Ottoman Empire
Name the 1680 uprising in which Pueblo peoples expelled Spanish colonists from New Mexico for a time
Pueblo Revolt
Name the ship type, small and highly maneuverable with lateen sails, used by Portuguese explorers.
Caravel
Name one New World crop that had major demographic and dietary impact in Eurasia (e.g., supported population growth).
Maize (corn) or potatoes
These series of paintings were used in colonial Mexico to depict the racial hierarchy of the Spanish colonial system by illustrating the supposed offspring from unions of various racial groups.
Name at least 2 examples of monumental architecture in India, China, Ottoman Empire, or Europe that flexed their power? Tell us where the architecture is found.
Europe: Versailles (France), Parliament Building (England)
China: Fobidden Palace
India: Taj Mahal
Ottoman Empire: Hagia Sophia,
The Wampanoag leader associated with a major New England rebellion against English settlers is best known by this English name.
Metacom or King Phillip
The treaty that divided newly discovered lands between Spain and Portugal (giving lands east to Portugal and west to Spain) is called the Treaty of __________.
Treaty of Tordesillas
The leg of the Atlantic Circuit that carried enslaved Africans across the ocean is known as the __________.
The Middle Passage
Name one major social or economic change in Europe between 1450 and 1750 that affected peasant or serf life.
Decline of serfdom in many parts of Europe; effects of the Little Ice Age reduced agricultural yields, pushing economic changes and migration; growth of a money-based economy and bourgeoisie challenged feudal orders.
Name 1 syncretic religion discussed in either Unit 3 or 4.
Sikhism, Vodou or Voudun (French Louisianna & Caribbean), Santeria (Caribbean), Rastafarian (Jamaica), Candomblé (Brazil)
Tupac Amaru II led an insurrection against colonial injustices in which region of the Americas?
The Andes / Upper Peru region
Which Portuguese explorer led the first naval expedition from Europe to India by rounding Africa to reach Calicut?
Vasco da Gama
What was the name of the large silver mine in Upper Peru (modern-day Bolivia) that fueled Spanish wealth and the global silver trade.
Potosí
Describe what “manumission” means and one reason why it occurred in some colonies.
Manumission: legal granting of freedom by an owner. Reasons: owners freed workers for loyalty, economic reasons, religious motives, or because freed people could pay for their freedom.
These were royal officials -- bureaucratic elites -- sent out to the provinces of France to execute the orders of the central government. Also used in the later Ottoman Empire.
Tax Farmers
What word matches this definition:
Wealthy plantation owners who profited from slave labor. Plantation societies used brutality to control enslaved labor, reduce escape/rebellion chances, and enforce labor discipline to maximize profit.
Plantocracy
Explain two ways non-European mariners (e.g., Polynesians or Indian Ocean sailors) contributed to global maritime knowledge before European dominance.
Examples: Polynesian long-distance voyaging techniques, star/path navigation, and knowledge of currents and winds in the Pacific; Indian Ocean sailors’ use of monsoon wind schedules, dhows, and lateen sails — these traditions supplied knowledge of routes, winds, and ship designs later used or adapted by Europeans.
Explain one economic reason European colonies shifted from indentured servitude to increased reliance on enslaved African labor.
Caribbean sugar cultivation required large, continuous, physically demanding labor for plantations; rising wages and scarcity of willing European indentured labor made enslaved African labor — seen as controllable and long-term — more profitable.
Pick ONE empire (Russia, China, or Japan) and briefly explain a change in power structures in that region in the years 1450 - 1750.
Russia — Peter the Great curtailed boyar power by creating state service requirements and modernizing the bureaucracy
China — Manchu rulers (Qing) allowed some ethnic Chinese to hold positions but placed Manchu controls on certain offices and maintained banner system
Japan — Tokugawa shogunate consolidated power working with daimyo and warrior elites to limit imperial power