Mitosis Madness
Mitosis is the process by which a cell divides to produce two identical daughter cells. Name the four main stages of mitosis in the correct order.
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
Meiosis is a type of cell division that produces gametes. How many rounds of cell division occur during meiosis?
2
Sexual reproduction typically involves the fusion of two specialized cells. What are these cells called in humans?
Sperm and egg
What is a dominant allele? Give an example.
The allele that "masks" the expression of the recessive allele
Darwin made several discoveries while in the Galapagos. Name one genus that he studied and the ideas he proposed from his observations.
Tortoise: differently-positioned shells correlate to their range of motion and thus their sources of nutrition
Finches: differently-shaped beaks correlate to their food sources
During which stage of mitosis do the chromosomes align at the center of the cell?
Metaphase
During which phase of meiosis do homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material? What is this process called?
Prophase I; crossing over
In sexual reproduction, offspring inherit traits from both of their parents. What is the term used to describe the unit of inheritance that carries genetic information?
Gene
Who worked with pea plants to develop new understanding in the field of genetics?
Gregor Mendel
What are the pieces of evidence of evolution?
Fossils, homologous structures, analogous structures, vestigial structures, embryos/pharyngeal pouches
True or false: Mitosis results in the production of haploid cells.
False
They both involve at least one cell division; multistage processes: Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase for both
True or false: Asexual reproduction only involves one parent.
True
What is the difference between genotype and phenotype?
Genotype is the genetic makeup of an organism, while phenotype is the observable characteristics or traits
What do the beaks of birds tell us about each bird?
The beaks are adapted to the birds' main source of nutrition
What is the phase that occurs BEFORE mitosis, preparing the cell for division?
True or false: Meiosis results in the production of genetically identical cells.
False
What is the main difference between sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction?
Sexual reproduction results in a genetically unique offspring as a result of combining the genetic information of its parents. Asexual reproduction involves the copying of an organism to create a genetically identical offspring
Differentiate between the terms "codominance" and "incomplete dominance"
Codominance means that no allele can "mask" the expression of the other allele
Incomplete dominance means that the dominant allele does not completely "mask" the expression of the recessive allele.
The peppered moth study demonstrates the cause-and-effect relationship between environmental shifts and populations. Briefly summarize the findings from this study and how this relates to natural selection.
Due to the Industrial Revolution, soot was deposited on tree bark that was formerly white/light in color. Light peppered moths no longer camouflaged against these trees and lost a survival advantage. However, darker/melanated moths survived as they were able to blend into their surroundings. These organisms were selected: they survived, reproduced, and passed on their genes, changing the population composition over time.
In mitosis, the division of the cytoplasm occurs after the nuclear division. What is this process called?
What is the main difference between mitosis and meiosis in terms of the number of daughter cells produced?
Mitosis produced 2 daughter cells while meiosis produces 4 daughter cells
Name one advantage of sexual reproduction in reference to the survival of a population. Discuss how asexual reproduction is disadvantageous for this reason.
Genetic diversity increases the chance that a population survives; if a natural disaster were to happen, variation would allow for some organisms to survive and pass on their favorable genes. Asexual reproduction does not allow for variation.
Complete the Punnett square for a cross between a homozygous dominant (AA) parent and a heterozygous (Aa) parent. What are the possible genotypes of their offspring?
Explain evolution by natural selection by using the following terms: sexual reproduction, mutation, variation, adaptation, selection, and evolution
Sexual reproduction and mutation lead to genetic diversity in a population. Due to variation, some organisms are better suited to their environment. These adaptions are selected, in other words, organisms with favorable traits survive, reproduce, and pass on their genes. Over time, this natural selection will result in evolution.